diff --git a/boot.php b/boot.php
index abbf48636..085e6b36b 100755
--- a/boot.php
+++ b/boot.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ define ( 'DB_UPDATE_VERSION',       1130  );
 
 define ( 'EOL',                    '<br />' . "\r\n"      );
 define ( 'ATOM_TIME',              'Y-m-d\TH:i:s\Z'       );
-define ( 'NULL_DATE',              '0000-00-00 00:00:00'  );
+//define ( 'NULL_DATE',              '0000-00-00 00:00:00'  );
 define ( 'TEMPLATE_BUILD_PATH',    'store/[data]/smarty3' );
 
 define ( 'DIRECTORY_MODE_NORMAL',      0x0000);  // This is technically DIRECTORY_MODE_TERTIARY, but it's the default, hence 0x0000
@@ -555,7 +555,9 @@ define ( 'ITEM_VERIFIED',        0x2000);  // Signature verification was success
 define ( 'ITEM_RETAINED',        0x4000);  // We looked at this item once to decide whether or not to expire it, and decided not to.
 define ( 'ITEM_RSS',             0x8000);  // Item comes from a feed. Use this to decide whether to link the title
 										   // Don't make us evaluate this same item again.
-
+define ( 'DBTYPE_MYSQL', 0 );
+define ( 'DBTYPE_POSTGRES', 1 );
+										   
 /**
  *
  * Reverse the effect of magic_quotes_gpc if it is enabled.
@@ -1417,7 +1419,7 @@ function fix_system_urls($oldurl,$newurl) {
 
 			$replace_xchan_url = ((strpos($rr['xchan_url'],$oldurl) !== false) ? true : false);
 
-			$x = q("update xchan set xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s', xchan_connurl = '%s', xchan_follow = '%s', xchan_connpage = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_date = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$x = q("update xchan set xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s', xchan_connurl = '%s', xchan_follow = '%s', xchan_connpage = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_date = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($channel_address . '@' . $rhs),
 				dbesc(($replace_xchan_url) ? str_replace($oldurl,$newurl,$rr['xchan_url']) : $rr['xchan_url']),
 				dbesc(str_replace($oldurl,$newurl,$rr['xchan_connurl'])),
@@ -1430,7 +1432,7 @@ function fix_system_urls($oldurl,$newurl) {
 				dbesc($rr['xchan_hash'])
 			);
 
-			$y = q("update hubloc set hubloc_addr = '%s', hubloc_url = '%s', hubloc_url_sig = '%s', hubloc_host = '%s', hubloc_callback = '%s' where hubloc_hash = '%s' and hubloc_url = '%s' limit 1",
+			$y = q("update hubloc set hubloc_addr = '%s', hubloc_url = '%s', hubloc_url_sig = '%s', hubloc_host = '%s', hubloc_callback = '%s' where hubloc_hash = '%s' and hubloc_url = '%s'",
 				dbesc($channel_address . '@' . $rhs),
 				dbesc($newurl),
 				dbesc(base64url_encode(rsa_sign($newurl,$c[0]['channel_prvkey']))),
@@ -1787,7 +1789,7 @@ function load_contact_links($uid) {
 
 //	logger('load_contact_links');
 
-	$r = q("SELECT abook_id, abook_flags, abook_my_perms, abook_their_perms, xchan_hash, xchan_photo_m, xchan_name, xchan_url from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) ",
+	$r = q("SELECT abook_id, abook_flags, abook_my_perms, abook_their_perms, xchan_hash, xchan_photo_m, xchan_name, xchan_url from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
diff --git a/doc/developers.bb b/doc/developers.bb
index 18e39c4ea..5365fd77a 100644
--- a/doc/developers.bb
+++ b/doc/developers.bb
@@ -64,4 +64,7 @@ In the interests of consistency we adopt the following code styling. We may acce
 
 [li] Generally speaking, opening braces go on the same line as the thing which opens the brace. They are the last character on the line. Closing braces are on a line by themselves. [/li]
 
+[b]See Also[/b]
+[zrl=[baseurl]/help/sql_conventions]SQL Conventions[/zrl]
+
 #include doc/macros/main_footer.bb;
diff --git a/doc/sql_conventions.bb b/doc/sql_conventions.bb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88539ae19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/sql_conventions.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+[h1]SQL Conventions[/h1]
+[b]Intro[/b]
+The following common SQL conventions appear throughout the code in many places. We use a simple DBA (DataBase Abstraction layer) to handle differences between databases. Please be sure to use only standards-compliant SQL.
+
+[b]Rule One[/b]
+Worth Repeating: Don't use non-standard SQL. This goes for addons as well. If you do use non-standard SQL, and the dba funcs are insufficient, do a if()/switch() or similar for all currently supported databases. Currently nothing red# does requires non-standard SQL.
+
+[b]Using a format string[/b]
+[li]Uses sprintf()
+To be written
+[code]// Example
+$r = q("SELECT * FROM profile WHERE uid = %d",
+	local_user()
+);
+[/code][/li]
+
+[b]Checking bit flags in a where clause[/b]
+[li]You must explicitly convert integers to booleans. The easiest way to do this is to compare to 0.
+[code]// Example
+$r = q("SELECT abook_id, abook_flags, abook_my_perms, abook_their_perms, xchan_hash, xchan_photo_m, xchan_name, xchan_url from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
+	intval($uid),
+	intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
+);
+[/code]
+[/li]
+[li]Turning off a flag
+[code]$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags & ~%d) where (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and xchan_hash = '%s'",
+	intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
+	intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
+	dbesc($rr['hubloc_hash'])
+);[/code]
+[/li]
+[li]Turning on a flag
+[code]$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags | %d) where xchan_hash = '%s'",
+	intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
+	dbesc($rr['hubloc_hash'])
+);[/code]
+[/li]
+
+[b]Using relative times (INTERVALs)[/b]
+[li]Sometimes you want to compare something, like less than x days old.
+[code]// Example
+$r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
+	WHERE abook_dob > %s + interval %s and abook_dob < %s + interval %s",
+	db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('7 day'),
+	db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('14 day')
+);[/code]
+[/li]
+[b]Paged results[/b]
+[li]To be written
+[code]// Example
+$r = q("SELECT * FROM mail WHERE uid=%d AND $sql_extra ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
+	intval(api_user()),
+	intval($count), intval($start)
+);[/code][/li]
+
+[b]NULL dates[/b]
+[li]To be written
+[code]Example[/code][/li]
+
+[b]Storing binary data[/b]
+[li]To be written
+[code]// Example
+$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where resource_id = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 0",
+	dbescbin($ph->imageString()),
+	intval($height),
+	intval($width),
+	dbesc($resource_id),
+	intval($page_owner_uid)
+);[/code][/li]
+
+[b]Current timestamp[/b]
+[li][code]// Example
+$randfunc = db_getfunc('rand');
+$r = q("select xchan_url from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash where hubloc_connected > %s - interval %s order by $randfunc limit 1",
+	db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('30 day')
+);[/code][/li]
+
+[b]SQL Function and Operator Abstraction[/b]
+[li]Sometimes the same function or operator has a different name/symbol in each database. You use db_getfunc('funcname') to look them up. The string is [i]not[/i] case-sensitive; do [i]not[/i] include parens.
+[code]// Example
+$randfunc = db_getfunc('rand');
+$r = q("select xchan_url from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash where hubloc_connected > %s - interval %s order by $randfunc limit 1",
+	db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('30 day')
+);[/code][/li]
+
+#include doc/macros/main_footer.bb;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/Contact.php b/include/Contact.php
index 20e5e1a1e..f0c7cd737 100644
--- a/include/Contact.php
+++ b/include/Contact.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ function rconnect_url($channel_id,$xchan) {
 	if(($r) && ($r[0]['xchan_follow']))
 		return $r[0]['xchan_follow'];
 
-	$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and ( hubloc_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+	$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and ( hubloc_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 		dbesc($xchan),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)
 	);
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function rconnect_url($channel_id,$xchan) {
 
 function abook_connections($channel_id, $sql_conditions = '') {
 	$r = q("select * from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d
-		and not ( abook_flags & %d ) $sql_conditions",
+		and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 $sql_conditions",
 		intval($channel_id),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function abook_connections($channel_id, $sql_conditions = '') {
 
 function abook_self($channel_id) {
 	$r = q("select * from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d
-		and ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+		and ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 		intval($channel_id),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function abook_self($channel_id) {
 }	
 
 function channelx_by_nick($nick) {
-	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_address = '%s'  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_address = '%s'  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 		dbesc($nick),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ function channelx_by_nick($nick) {
 }
 
 function channelx_by_hash($hash) {
-	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_hash = '%s'  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_hash = '%s'  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 		dbesc($hash),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function channelx_by_hash($hash) {
 }
 
 function channelx_by_n($id) {
-	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_id = %d  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_id = %d  and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 		dbesc($id),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ function vcard_from_xchan($xchan, $observer = null, $mode = '') {
 
 function abook_toggle_flag($abook,$flag) {
 
-	$r = q("UPDATE abook set abook_flags = (abook_flags ^ %d) where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("UPDATE abook set abook_flags = (abook_flags & ~%d) where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d",
 		intval($flag),
 		intval($abook['abook_id']),
 		intval($abook['abook_channel'])
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ function abook_toggle_flag($abook,$flag) {
 
 	if(($flag === ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED) && ($abook['abook_flags'] & ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED)) {
 		$r = q("update abook set abook_connected = '%s', abook_updated = '%s' 
-			where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d limit 1",
+			where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($abook['abook_id']),
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ function account_remove($account_id,$local = true,$unset_session=true) {
 
 	// Don't let anybody nuke the only admin account.
 
-	$r = q("select account_id from account where (account_roles & %d)",
+	$r = q("select account_id from account where (account_roles & %d)>0",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_ROLE_ADMIN)
 	);
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ function account_remove($account_id,$local = true,$unset_session=true) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	$r = q("delete from account where account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("delete from account where account_id = %d",
 		intval($account_id)
 	);
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ function channel_remove($channel_id, $local = true, $unset_session=true) {
 			channel_r_photos = 0, channel_r_abook = 0, channel_w_stream = 0, channel_w_wall = 0, channel_w_tagwall = 0,
 			channel_w_comment = 0, channel_w_mail = 0, channel_w_photos = 0, channel_w_chat = 0, channel_a_delegate = 0,
 			channel_r_storage = 0, channel_w_storage = 0, channel_r_pages = 0, channel_w_pages = 0, channel_a_republish = 0 
-			where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+			where channel_id = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED),
 			intval($channel_id)
@@ -275,12 +275,12 @@ function channel_remove($channel_id, $local = true, $unset_session=true) {
 	q("DELETE FROM `spam` WHERE `uid` = %d", intval($channel_id));
 
 
-	q("delete from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+	q("delete from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and (abook_flags & %d)>0",
 		dbesc($channel['channel_hash']),
 		dbesc(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
 
-	$r = q("update channel set channel_deleted = '%s', channel_pageflags = (channel_pageflags | %d) where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update channel set channel_deleted = '%s', channel_pageflags = (channel_pageflags | %d) where channel_id = %d",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED),
 		intval($channel_id)
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ function channel_remove($channel_id, $local = true, $unset_session=true) {
 
 	$hublocs = 0;
 
-	$r = q("select hubloc_id from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not (hubloc_flags & %d)",
+	$r = q("select hubloc_id from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not (hubloc_flags & %d)>0",
 		dbesc($channel['channel_hash']),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED)
 	);
@@ -335,10 +335,11 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 	if($dirmode == DIRECTORY_MODE_NORMAL)
 		return;
 
-    $r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status | %d) where not (hubloc_status & %d) 
-		and hubloc_network = 'zot' and hubloc_connected < utc_timestamp() - interval 36 day",
+    $r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status | %d) where not (hubloc_status & %d)>0 
+		and hubloc_network = 'zot' and hubloc_connected < %s - interval %s",
         intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE),
-        intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE)
+        intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE),
+        db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('36 day')
     );
 
 //	$realm = get_directory_realm();
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 //	}
 
 
-	$r = q("select hubloc_id, hubloc_hash from hubloc where (hubloc_status & %d) and not (hubloc_flags & %d)",
+	$r = q("select hubloc_id, hubloc_hash from hubloc where (hubloc_status & %d)>0 and not (hubloc_flags & %d)>0",
 		intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK)
 	);
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 
 			// see if any other hublocs are still alive for this channel
 
-			$x = q("select * from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not (hubloc_status & %d)",
+			$x = q("select * from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not (hubloc_status & %d)>0",
 				dbesc($rr['hubloc_hash']),
 				intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE)
 			);
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 
 				// yes - if the xchan was marked as an orphan, undo it
 
-				$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags ^ %d) where (xchan_flags & %d) and xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags & ~%d) where (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and xchan_hash = '%s'",
 					intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 					intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 					dbesc($rr['hubloc_hash'])
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 
 				// nope - mark the xchan as an orphan
 
-				$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags | %d) where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				$y = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags | %d) where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 					intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 					dbesc($rr['hubloc_hash'])
 				);
@@ -391,7 +392,7 @@ function mark_orphan_hubsxchans() {
 
 			// mark that we've checked this entry so we don't need to do it again
 
-			$y = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags | %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+			$y = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags | %d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK),
 				dbesc($rr['hubloc_id'])
 			);
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ function remove_all_xchan_resources($xchan, $channel_id = 0) {
 
 		if($dirmode === false || $dirmode == DIRECTORY_MODE_NORMAL) {
 
-			$r = q("delete from xchan where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xchan where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($xchan)
 			);
 			$r = q("delete from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s'",
@@ -482,7 +483,7 @@ function contact_remove($channel_id, $abook_id) {
 
 	$archive = get_pconfig($channel_id, 'system','archive_removed_contacts');
 	if($archive) {
-		q("update abook set abook_flags = ( abook_flags | %d ) where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d limit 1",
+		q("update abook set abook_flags = ( abook_flags | %d ) where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d",
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED),
 			intval($abook_id),
 			intval($channel_id)
@@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ function contact_remove($channel_id, $abook_id) {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	q("delete from abook where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d limit 1",
+	q("delete from abook where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d",
 		intval($abook['abook_id']),
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
@@ -541,7 +542,10 @@ function contact_remove($channel_id, $abook_id) {
 
 
 function random_profile() {
-	$r = q("select xchan_url from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash where hubloc_connected > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - interval 30 day order by rand() limit 1");
+	$randfunc = db_getfunc('rand');
+	$r = q("select xchan_url from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash where hubloc_connected > %s - interval %s order by $randfunc limit 1",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('30 day')
+	);
 	if($r)
 		return $r[0]['xchan_url'];
 	return '';
diff --git a/include/RedDAV/RedDirectory.php b/include/RedDAV/RedDirectory.php
index a46b77f5f..85af0d57f 100644
--- a/include/RedDAV/RedDirectory.php
+++ b/include/RedDAV/RedDirectory.php
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 		list($parent_path, ) = DAV\URLUtil::splitPath($this->red_path);
 		$new_path = $parent_path . '/' . $name;
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE attach SET filename = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE attach SET filename = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($name),
 			dbesc($this->folder_hash),
 			intval($this->auth->owner_id)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 
 		$mimetype = z_mime_content_type($name);
 
-		$c = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d) LIMIT 1",
+		$c = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 LIMIT 1",
 			intval($this->auth->owner_id),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 		$edited = datetime_convert();
 
 		// updates entry with filesize and timestamp
-		$d = q("UPDATE attach SET filesize = '%s', edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$d = q("UPDATE attach SET filesize = '%s', edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($size),
 			dbesc($edited),
 			dbesc($hash),
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 		);
 
 		// update the folder's lastmodified timestamp
-		$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($edited),
 			dbesc($this->folder_hash),
 			intval($c[0]['channel_id'])
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 			throw new DAV\Exception\Forbidden('Permission denied.');
 		}
 
-		$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d) LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 LIMIT 1",
 			intval($this->auth->owner_id),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 
 		$channel_name = $path_arr[0];
 
-		$r = q("SELECT channel_id FROM channel WHERE channel_address = '%s' AND NOT ( channel_pageflags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT channel_id FROM channel WHERE channel_address = '%s' AND NOT ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 			dbesc($channel_name),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 		$os_path = '';
 
 		for ($x = 1; $x < count($path_arr); $x++) {
-			$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d)",
+			$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d)>0",
 				dbesc($folder),
 				dbesc($path_arr[$x]),
 				intval($channel_id),
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class RedDirectory extends DAV\Node implements DAV\ICollection, DAV\IQuota {
 		$free = disk_free_space('store');
 
 		if ($this->auth->owner_id) {
-			$c = q("select * from channel where channel_id = %d and not (channel_pageflags & %d) limit 1",
+			$c = q("select * from channel where channel_id = %d and not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 				intval($this->auth->owner_id),
 				intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 			);
diff --git a/include/RedDAV/RedFile.php b/include/RedDAV/RedFile.php
index f96790631..3a5230dc1 100644
--- a/include/RedDAV/RedFile.php
+++ b/include/RedDAV/RedFile.php
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class RedFile extends DAV\Node implements DAV\IFile {
 
 		$newName = str_replace('/', '%2F', $newName);
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE attach SET filename = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND id = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE attach SET filename = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND id = %d",
 			dbesc($this->data['filename']),
 			intval($this->data['id'])
 		);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class RedFile extends DAV\Node implements DAV\IFile {
 		$size = 0;
 
 		// @todo only 3 values are needed
-		$c = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d) LIMIT 1",
+		$c = q("SELECT * FROM channel WHERE channel_id = %d AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 LIMIT 1",
 			intval($this->auth->owner_id),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class RedFile extends DAV\Node implements DAV\IFile {
 				$size = @filesize($f);
 				logger('filename: ' . $f . ' size: ' . $size, LOGGER_DEBUG);
 			} else {
-				$r = q("UPDATE attach SET data = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+				$r = q("UPDATE attach SET data = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 					dbesc(stream_get_contents($data)),
 					dbesc($this->data['hash']),
 					intval($this->data['uid'])
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class RedFile extends DAV\Node implements DAV\IFile {
 		// returns now()
 		$edited = datetime_convert();
 
-		$d = q("UPDATE attach SET filesize = '%s', edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$d = q("UPDATE attach SET filesize = '%s', edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($size),
 			dbesc($edited),
 			dbesc($this->data['hash']),
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class RedFile extends DAV\Node implements DAV\IFile {
 		);
 
 		// update the folder's lastmodified timestamp
-		$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($edited),
 			dbesc($r[0]['folder']),
 			intval($c[0]['channel_id'])
diff --git a/include/account.php b/include/account.php
index df484e608..8df44acba 100644
--- a/include/account.php
+++ b/include/account.php
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ function create_account($arr) {
 	// Set the parent record to the current record_id if no parent was provided
 
 	if(! $parent) {
-		$r = q("update account set account_parent = %d where account_id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update account set account_parent = %d where account_id = %d",
 			intval($result['account']['account_id']),
 			intval($result['account']['account_id'])
 		);
@@ -367,16 +367,16 @@ function user_allow($hash) {
 	if(! $account)
 		return $ret;
 
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM register WHERE hash = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM register WHERE hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc($register[0]['hash'])
 	);
 
-	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags ^ %d) where (account_flags & %d) and account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags & ~%d) where (account_flags & %d)>0 and account_id = %d",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
 	);
-	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags ^ %d) where (account_flags & %d) and account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags & ~%d) where (account_flags & %d)>0 and account_id = %d",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING),
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
@@ -430,11 +430,11 @@ function user_deny($hash) {
 	if(! $account)
 		return false;
 
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM account WHERE account_id = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM account WHERE account_id = %d",
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
 	);
 
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM `register` WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM `register` WHERE id = %d",
 		dbesc($register[0]['id'])
 	);
 	notice( sprintf(t('Registration revoked for %s'), $account[0]['account_email']) . EOL);
@@ -463,21 +463,21 @@ function user_approve($hash) {
 	if(! $account)
 		return $ret;
 
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM register WHERE hash = '%s' and password = 'verify' LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM register WHERE hash = '%s' and password = 'verify'",
 		dbesc($register[0]['hash'])
 	);
 
-	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags ^ %d) where (account_flags & %d) and account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags & ~%d) where (account_flags & %d)>0 and account_id = %d",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
 	);
-	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags ^ %d) where (account_flags & %d) and account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags & ~%d) where (account_flags & %d)>0 and account_id = %d",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING),
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
 	);
-	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags ^ %d) where (account_flags & %d) and account_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update account set account_flags = (account_flags & ~%d) where (account_flags & %d)>0 and account_id = %d",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_UNVERIFIED),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_UNVERIFIED),
 		intval($register[0]['uid'])
@@ -510,11 +510,12 @@ function user_approve($hash) {
 
 function downgrade_accounts() {
 
-	$r = q("select * from account where not ( account_flags & %d ) 
+	$r = q("select * from account where not ( account_flags & %d )>0 
 		and account_expires != '%s' 
-		and account_expires < UTC_TIMESTAMP() ",
+		and account_expires < %s ",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_EXPIRED),
-		dbesc(NULL_DATE)
+		dbesc(NULL_DATE),
+		db_getfunc('UTC_TIMESTAMP')
 	);
 
 	if(! $r)
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ function downgrade_accounts() {
 
 		if(($basic) && ($rr['account_service_class']) && ($rr['account_service_class'] != $basic)) {
 			$x = q("UPDATE account set account_service_class = '%s', account_expires = '%s'
-				where account_id = %d limit 1",
+				where account_id = %d",
 				dbesc($basic),
 				dbesc(NULL_DATE),
 				intval($rr['account_id'])
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@ function downgrade_accounts() {
 			logger('downgrade_accounts: Account id ' . $rr['account_id'] . ' downgraded.');
 		}
 		else {
-			$x = q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = (account_flags | %d) where account_id = %d limit 1",
+			$x = q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = (account_flags | %d) where account_id = %d",
 				intval(ACCOUNT_EXPIRED),
 				intval($rr['account_id'])
 			);
diff --git a/include/acl_selectors.php b/include/acl_selectors.php
index 5adafff2c..243e7a549 100644
--- a/include/acl_selectors.php
+++ b/include/acl_selectors.php
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ function contact_select($selname, $selclass, $preselected = false, $size = 4, $p
 		$o .= "<select name=\"{$selname}[]\" id=\"$selclass\" class=\"$selclass\" multiple=\"multiple\" size=\"$size\" $tabindex >\r\n";
 
 	$r = q("SELECT abook_id, xchan_name, xchan_url, xchan_photo_s from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
-		where abook_flags = 0 or not ( abook_flags & %d ) and abook_channel = %d
+		where abook_flags = 0 or not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and abook_channel = %d
 		$sql_extra
 		ORDER BY xchan_name ASC ",
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF),
diff --git a/include/api.php b/include/api.php
index 9fe2ef47d..aeee95d3b 100644
--- a/include/api.php
+++ b/include/api.php
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 				return False;
 			} else {
 				$user = local_user();
-				$extra_query = " AND abook_channel = %d AND (abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . " ) ";
+				$extra_query = " AND abook_channel = %d AND (abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . " )>0 ";
 			}
 			
 		}
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 			// count public wall messages
 			$r = q("SELECT COUNT(`id`) as `count` FROM `item`
 					WHERE `uid` = %d
-					AND ( item_flags & %d ) and item_restrict = 0 
+					AND ( item_flags & %d )>0 and item_restrict = 0 
 					AND `allow_cid`='' AND `allow_gid`='' AND `deny_cid`='' AND `deny_gid`=''",
 					intval($usr[0]['channel_id']),
 					intval(ITEM_WALL)
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 			$countfollowers = $r[0]['count'];
 		}
 
-		$r = q("SELECT count(`id`) as `count` FROM item where ( item_flags & %d ) and uid = %d and item_restrict = 0",
+		$r = q("SELECT count(`id`) as `count` FROM item where ( item_flags & %d )>0 and uid = %d and item_restrict = 0",
 			intval($uinfo[0]['channel_id']),
 			intval(ITEM_STARRED)
 		);
@@ -1004,8 +1004,8 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 		// at the network timeline just mark everything seen. 
 	
 		if (api_user() == $user_info['uid']) {
-			$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = ( item_flags ^ %d )
-				WHERE item_flags & %d and uid = %d",
+			$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = ( item_flags & ~%d )
+				WHERE (item_flags & %d)>0 and uid = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 				intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 				intval($user_info['uid'])
@@ -1062,10 +1062,10 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 			and uid in ( " . stream_perms_api_uids() . " )
 			$sql_extra
 			AND id > %d group by mid
-            order by received desc LIMIT %d, %d ",
+            order by received desc LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ",
 			intval($since_id),
-			intval($start),
-			intval($count)
+			intval($count),
+			intval($start)
 		);
 
 		xchan_query($r,true);
@@ -1706,9 +1706,9 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 		// For Red, the closest thing we can do to figure out if you're friends is if both of you are sending each other your streams.
 		// This won't work if either of you send your stream to everybody on the network
 		if($qtype == 'friends')
-			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_their_perms & %d ) and ( abook_my_perms & %d ) ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
+			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_their_perms & %d )>0 and ( abook_my_perms & %d )>0 ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
 		if($qtype == 'followers')
-			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_my_perms & %d ) and not ( abook_their_perms & %d ) ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
+			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_my_perms & %d )>0 and not ( abook_their_perms & %d )>0 ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
  
 		$r = q("SELECT abook_id FROM abook where abook_flags = 0 and abook_channel = %d $sql_extra",
 			intval(api_user())
@@ -1822,9 +1822,9 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 		// This won't work if either of you send your stream to everybody on the network
 
 		if($qtype == 'friends')
-			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_their_perms & %d ) and ( abook_my_perms & %d ) ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
+			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_their_perms & %d )>0 and ( abook_my_perms & %d )>0 ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
 		if($qtype == 'followers')
-			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_my_perms & %d ) and not ( abook_their_perms & %d ) ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
+			$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND ( abook_my_perms & %d )>0 and not ( abook_their_perms & %d )>0 ", intval(PERMS_W_STREAM), intval(PERMS_W_STREAM));
  
 		$r = q("SELECT abook_id FROM abook where abook_flags = 0 and abook_channel = %d $sql_extra",
 			intval(api_user())
@@ -1940,9 +1940,9 @@ require_once('include/items.php');
 			$sql_extra = "`from-url`!='".dbesc( $profile_url )."'";
 		}
 		
-		$r = q("SELECT * FROM `mail` WHERE uid=%d AND $sql_extra ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT %d,%d",
+		$r = q("SELECT * FROM `mail` WHERE uid=%d AND $sql_extra ORDER BY created DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
 				intval(api_user()),
-				intval($start),	intval($count)
+				intval($count), intval($start)
 		);
 		
 		$ret = Array();
diff --git a/include/apps.php b/include/apps.php
index cd0c2984e..9c4fe826a 100644
--- a/include/apps.php
+++ b/include/apps.php
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ function app_install($uid,$app) {
 
 function app_destroy($uid,$app) {
 	if($uid && $app['guid']) {
-		$r = q("delete from app where app_id = '%s' and app_channel = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from app where app_id = '%s' and app_channel = %d",
 			dbesc($app['guid']),
 			intval($uid)
 		);
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ function app_update($arr) {
 	$darray['app_page']     = ((x($arr,'page')) ? escape_tags($arr['page']) : '');
 	$darray['app_requires'] = ((x($arr,'requires')) ? escape_tags($arr['requires']) : '');
 
-	$r = q("update app set app_sig = '%s', app_author = '%s', app_name = '%s', app_desc = '%s', app_url = '%s', app_photo = '%s', app_version = '%s', app_addr = '%s', app_price = '%s', app_page = '%s', app_requires = '%s' where app_id = '%s' and app_channel = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update app set app_sig = '%s', app_author = '%s', app_name = '%s', app_desc = '%s', app_url = '%s', app_photo = '%s', app_version = '%s', app_addr = '%s', app_price = '%s', app_page = '%s', app_requires = '%s' where app_id = '%s' and app_channel = %d",
 		dbesc($darray['app_sig']),
 		dbesc($darray['app_author']),
 		dbesc($darray['app_name']),
diff --git a/include/attach.php b/include/attach.php
index 6bce617cd..87d618afa 100644
--- a/include/attach.php
+++ b/include/attach.php
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ function attach_store($channel, $observer_hash, $options = '', $arr = null) {
 	$created = datetime_convert();
 
 	if($options === 'replace') {
-		$r = q("update attach set filename = '%s', filetype = '%s', filesize = %d, data = '%s', edited = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update attach set filename = '%s', filetype = '%s', filesize = %d, data = '%s', edited = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d",
 			dbesc($filename),
 			dbesc($mimetype),
 			intval($filesize),
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ function attach_store($channel, $observer_hash, $options = '', $arr = null) {
 	}
 	elseif($options === 'update') {
 		$r = q("update attach set filename = '%s', filetype = '%s', edited = '%s', 
-			allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid  = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+			allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid  = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d",
 			dbesc((array_key_exists('filename',$arr))  ? $arr['filename']  : $x[0]['filename']),
 			dbesc((array_key_exists('filetype',$arr))  ? $arr['filetype']  : $x[0]['filetype']),
 			dbesc($created),
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ function z_readdir($channel_id, $observer_hash, $pathname, $parent_hash = '') {
 		if(count($paths) > 1) {
 			$curpath = array_shift($paths);
 
-			$r = q("select hash, id from attach where uid = %d and filename = '%s' and (flags & %d ) " . permissions_sql($channel_id) . " limit 1",
+			$r = q("select hash, id from attach where uid = %d and filename = '%s' and (flags & %d )>0 " . permissions_sql($channel_id) . " limit 1",
 				intval($channel_id),
 				dbesc($curpath),
 				intval(ATTACH_FLAG_DIR)
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ function z_readdir($channel_id, $observer_hash, $pathname, $parent_hash = '') {
 	else
 		$paths = array($pathname);
 	
-	$r = q("select id, aid, uid, hash, creator, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited, allow_cid, allow_gid, deny_cid, deny_gid from attach where id = %d and folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and (flags & %d ) " . permissions_sql($channel_id),
+	$r = q("select id, aid, uid, hash, creator, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited, allow_cid, allow_gid, deny_cid, deny_gid from attach where id = %d and folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and (flags & %d )>0 " . permissions_sql($channel_id),
 		intval($channel_id),
 		dbesc($parent_hash),
 		dbesc($paths[0]),
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ function attach_mkdir($channel, $observer_hash, $arr = null) {
 		$sql_options = permissions_sql($channel['channel_id']);
 
 		do {
-			$r = q("select filename, hash, flags, folder from attach where uid = %d and hash = '%s' and ( flags & %d ) 
+			$r = q("select filename, hash, flags, folder from attach where uid = %d and hash = '%s' and ( flags & %d )>0 
 				$sql_options limit 1",
 				intval($channel['channel_id']),
 				dbesc($lfile),
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ function attach_mkdir($channel, $observer_hash, $arr = null) {
 			$ret['data'] = $arr;
 
 			// update the parent folder's lastmodified timestamp
-			$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+			$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 				dbesc($created),
 				dbesc($arr['folder']),
 				intval($channel_id)
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ function attach_change_permissions($channel_id, $resource, $allow_cid, $allow_gi
 		}
 	}
 
-	$x = q("update attach set allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s' where hash = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+	$x = q("update attach set allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s' where hash = '%s' and uid = %d",
 		dbesc($allow_cid),
 		dbesc($allow_gid),
 		dbesc($deny_cid),
@@ -790,13 +790,13 @@ function attach_delete($channel_id, $resource) {
 	}
 
 	// delete from database
-	$z = q("DELETE FROM attach WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$z = q("DELETE FROM attach WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 		dbesc($resource),
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
 
 	// update the parent folder's lastmodified timestamp
-	$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$e = q("UPDATE attach SET edited = '%s' WHERE hash = '%s' AND uid = %d",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		dbesc($r[0]['folder']),
 		intval($channel_id)
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ function get_cloudpath($arr) {
 		$lfile = $arr['folder'];
 
 		do {
-			$r = q("select filename, hash, flags, folder from attach where uid = %d and hash = '%s' and ( flags & %d ) 
+			$r = q("select filename, hash, flags, folder from attach where uid = %d and hash = '%s' and ( flags & %d )>0 
 				limit 1",
 				intval($arr['uid']),
 				dbesc($lfile),
diff --git a/include/auth.php b/include/auth.php
index 8f68fc562..94c64e58d 100644
--- a/include/auth.php
+++ b/include/auth.php
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ if((isset($_SESSION)) && (x($_SESSION, 'authenticated')) &&
 		// if our authenticated guest is allowed to take control of the admin channel, make it so.
 		$admins = get_config('system', 'remote_admin');
 		if($admins && is_array($admins) && in_array($_SESSION['visitor_id'], $admins)) {
-			$x = q("select * from account where account_email = '%s' and account_email != '' and ( account_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+			$x = q("select * from account where account_email = '%s' and account_email != '' and ( account_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 				dbesc(get_config('system', 'admin_email')),
 				intval(ACCOUNT_ROLE_ADMIN)
 			);
diff --git a/include/cache.php b/include/cache.php
index a70650b5e..4a3f453e1 100644
--- a/include/cache.php
+++ b/include/cache.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 				dbesc($key)
 			);
 			if($r) {
-				q("UPDATE cache SET v = '%s', updated = '%s' WHERE k = '%s' limit 1",
+				q("UPDATE cache SET v = '%s', updated = '%s' WHERE k = '%s'",
 					dbesc($value),
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 					dbesc($key));
diff --git a/include/chat.php b/include/chat.php
index 5c3d0c9d9..533c03dde 100644
--- a/include/chat.php
+++ b/include/chat.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ function chatroom_destroy($channel,$arr) {
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
-	q("delete from chatroom where cr_id = %d limit 1",
+	q("delete from chatroom where cr_id = %d",
 		intval($r[0]['cr_id'])
 	);
 	if($r[0]['cr_id']) {
@@ -129,8 +129,11 @@ function chatroom_enter($observer_xchan,$room_id,$status,$client) {
 	}
 
 	if(intval($x[0]['cr_expire'])) {
-		$sql = "delete from chat where created < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL " . intval($x[0]['cr_expire']) . " MINUTE and chat_room = " . intval($x[0]['cr_id']);
-		$r = q($sql);
+		$r = q("delete from chat where created < %s - INTERVAL %s and chat_room = %d", 
+			db_utcnow(), 
+			db_quoteinterval( intval($x[0]['cr_expire']) . ' MINUTE' ),
+			intval($x[0]['cr_id'])
+		);
 	}
 
 	$r = q("select * from chatpresence where cp_xchan = '%s' and cp_room = %d limit 1",
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ function chatroom_enter($observer_xchan,$room_id,$status,$client) {
 		intval($room_id)
 	);
 	if($r) {
-		q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_id = %d and cp_client = '%s' limit 1",
+		q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_id = %d and cp_client = '%s'",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($r[0]['cp_id']),
 			dbesc($client)
@@ -169,7 +172,7 @@ function chatroom_leave($observer_xchan,$room_id,$client) {
 		dbesc($client)
 	);
 	if($r) {
-		q("delete from chatpresence where cp_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("delete from chatpresence where cp_id = %d",
 			intval($r[0]['cp_id'])
 		);
 	}
diff --git a/include/cli_startup.php b/include/cli_startup.php
index f90a75cd1..027d62953 100644
--- a/include/cli_startup.php
+++ b/include/cli_startup.php
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ function cli_startup() {
 		date_default_timezone_set($a->timezone);
 
     	require_once('include/dba/dba_driver.php');
-	    $db = dba_factory($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data);
-    	unset($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data);
+	    $db = dba_factory($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data, $db_type);
+    	unset($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data, $db_type);
   	};
 
 	require_once('include/session.php');
diff --git a/include/config.php b/include/config.php
index 3292059d1..9eaa6b2e6 100644
--- a/include/config.php
+++ b/include/config.php
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ function set_config($family, $key, $value) {
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
-	$ret = q("UPDATE config SET v = '%s' WHERE cat = '%s' AND k = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	$ret = q("UPDATE config SET v = '%s' WHERE cat = '%s' AND k = '%s'",
 		dbesc($dbvalue),
 		dbesc($family),
 		dbesc($key)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ function del_config($family, $key) {
 
 	if(array_key_exists($family, $a->config) && array_key_exists($key, $a->config[$family]))
 		unset($a->config[$family][$key]);
-		$ret = q("DELETE FROM config WHERE cat = '%s' AND k = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+		$ret = q("DELETE FROM config WHERE cat = '%s' AND k = '%s'",
 		dbesc($family),
 		dbesc($key)
 	);
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ function set_pconfig($uid, $family, $key, $value) {
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
-	$ret = q("UPDATE pconfig SET v = '%s' WHERE uid = %d and cat = '%s' AND k = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	$ret = q("UPDATE pconfig SET v = '%s' WHERE uid = %d and cat = '%s' AND k = '%s'",
 		dbesc($dbvalue),
 		intval($uid),
 		dbesc($family),
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ function del_pconfig($uid, $family, $key) {
 
 	if(x($a->config[$uid][$family], $key))
 		unset($a->config[$uid][$family][$key]);
-		$ret = q("DELETE FROM pconfig WHERE uid = %d AND cat = '%s' AND k = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+		$ret = q("DELETE FROM pconfig WHERE uid = %d AND cat = '%s' AND k = '%s'",
 		intval($uid),
 		dbesc($family),
 		dbesc($key)
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ function set_xconfig($xchan, $family, $key, $value) {
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
-	$ret = q("UPDATE xconfig SET v = '%s' WHERE xchan = '%s' and cat = '%s' AND k = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	$ret = q("UPDATE xconfig SET v = '%s' WHERE xchan = '%s' and cat = '%s' AND k = '%s'",
 		dbesc($dbvalue),
 		dbesc($xchan),
 		dbesc($family),
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ function del_xconfig($xchan, $family, $key) {
 
 	if(x($a->config[$xchan][$family], $key))
 		unset($a->config[$xchan][$family][$key]);
-		$ret = q("DELETE FROM `xconfig` WHERE `xchan` = '%s' AND `cat` = '%s' AND `k` = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+		$ret = q("DELETE FROM `xconfig` WHERE `xchan` = '%s' AND `cat` = '%s' AND `k` = '%s'",
 		dbesc($xchan),
 		dbesc($family),
 		dbesc($key)
diff --git a/include/datetime.php b/include/datetime.php
index 00bac8ad1..bfaa8792b 100644
--- a/include/datetime.php
+++ b/include/datetime.php
@@ -453,7 +453,10 @@ function update_birthdays() {
 	require_once('include/permissions.php');
 
     $r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
-		WHERE abook_dob > utc_timestamp() + interval 7 day and abook_dob < utc_timestamp() + interval 14 day");
+		WHERE abook_dob > %s + interval %s and abook_dob < %s + interval %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('7 day'),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('14 day')
+		);
 	if($r) {
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
 			
@@ -475,7 +478,7 @@ function update_birthdays() {
 			$z = event_store_event($ev);
 			if($z) {
 				$item_id = event_store_item($ev,$z);
-				q("update abook set abook_dob = '%s' where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+				q("update abook set abook_dob = '%s' where abook_id = %d",
 					dbesc(intval($rr['abook_dob']) + 1 . substr($rr['abook_dob'],4)),
 					intval($rr['abook_id'])
 				);
diff --git a/include/dba/dba_driver.php b/include/dba/dba_driver.php
index 3e19b7aa4..2dcdb0234 100755
--- a/include/dba/dba_driver.php
+++ b/include/dba/dba_driver.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
 <?php /** @file */
 
-function dba_factory($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$install = false) {
+function dba_factory($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$dbtype,$install = false) {
 	$dba = null;
 
-	if(class_exists('mysqli')) {
-        if (is_null($port)) $port = ini_get("mysqli.default_port");
-		require_once('include/dba/dba_mysqli.php');
-		$dba = new dba_mysqli($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$install);
+	if($dbtype == 1) {
+		require_once('include/dba/dba_postgres.php');
+		if(is_null($port)) $port = 5432;
+		$dba = new dba_postgres($server, $port, $user, $pass, $db, $install);
+	} else {
+		if(class_exists('mysqli')) {
+			if (is_null($port)) $port = ini_get("mysqli.default_port");
+			require_once('include/dba/dba_mysqli.php');
+			$dba = new dba_mysqli($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$install);
+		} else {
+			if (is_null($port)) $port = "3306";
+			require_once('include/dba/dba_mysql.php');
+			$dba = new dba_mysql($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$install);
+		}
 	}
-	else {
-        if (is_null($port)) $port = "3306";
-		require_once('include/dba/dba_mysql.php');
-		$dba = new dba_mysql($server, $port,$user,$pass,$db,$install);
-	}
-
+	define('NULL_DATE', $dba->get_null_date());
+	define('ACTIVE_DBTYPE', $dbtype);
 	return $dba;
 }
 
 
 abstract class dba_driver {
-
+	// legacy behavior
+	const INSTALL_SCRIPT='install/schema_mysql.sql';
+	const NULL_DATE = '0000-00-00 00:00:00';
+	const UTC_NOW = 'UTC_TIMESTAMP()';
+	
 	protected $debug = 0;
 	protected $db;
 	public  $connected = false;
@@ -37,6 +47,17 @@ abstract class dba_driver {
 		$this->connect($server, $port, $user,$pass,$db);
 	}
 
+	function get_null_date() {
+		return static::NULL_DATE;
+	}
+	
+	function get_install_script() {
+		return static::INSTALL_SCRIPT;
+	}
+	
+	function utcnow() {
+		return static::UTC_NOW;
+	}
 
 	function install($server,$user,$pass,$db) {
 		if (!(strlen($server) && strlen($user))){
@@ -67,6 +88,26 @@ abstract class dba_driver {
 		}
 	}
 
+	function quote_interval($txt) {
+		return $txt;
+	}
+	
+	function optimize_table($table) {
+		q('OPTIMIZE TABLE '.$table);
+	}
+	
+	function concat($fld, $sep) {
+		return 'GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT '.$fld.' SEPARATOR \''.$sep.'\')';
+	}
+	
+	function escapebin($str) {
+		return $this->escape($str);
+	}
+	
+	function unescapebin($str) {
+		return $str;
+	}
+	
 }
 
 
@@ -95,8 +136,49 @@ function dbesc($str) {
 	else
 		return(str_replace("'","\\'",$str));
 }
+function dbescbin($str) {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->escapebin($str);
+}
 
+function dbunescbin($str) {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->unescapebin($str);
+}
 
+function dbescdate($date) {
+	if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES && $date == '0000-00-00 00:00:00') {
+		$date = NULL_DATE;
+	} else if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE != DBTYPE_POSTGRES && $date == '0001-01-01 00:00:00') {
+		$date = NULL_DATE;
+	}
+	return $date;
+}
+
+function db_quoteinterval($txt) {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->quote_interval($txt);
+}
+
+function dbesc_identifier($str) {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->escape_identifier($txt);
+}
+
+function db_utcnow() {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->utcnow();
+}
+
+function db_optimizetable($table) {
+	global $db;
+	$db->optimize_table($table);
+}
+
+function db_concat($fld, $sep) {
+	global $db;
+	return $db->concat($fld, $sep);
+}
 
 // Function: q($sql,$args);
 // Description: execute SQL query with printf style args.
@@ -158,8 +240,11 @@ function dbq($sql) {
 
 
 function dbesc_array_cb(&$item, $key) {
-	if(is_string($item))
+	if(is_string($item)) {
+		if($item == '0000-00-00 00:00:00' && ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES)
+			$item = '0001-01-01 00:00:00';
 		$item = dbesc($item);
+	}
 }
 
 
@@ -169,3 +254,27 @@ function dbesc_array(&$arr) {
 		array_walk($arr,'dbesc_array_cb');
 	}
 }
+
+function db_getfunc($f) {
+	$lookup = array(
+		'rand'=>array(
+			DBTYPE_MYSQL=>'RAND()', 
+			DBTYPE_POSTGRES=>'RANDOM()'
+		),
+		'utc_timestamp'=>array(
+			DBTYPE_MYSQL=>'UTC_TIMESTAMP()',
+			DBTYPE_POSTGRES=>"now() at time zone 'UTC'"
+		),
+		'regexp'=>array(
+			DBTYPE_MYSQL=>'REGEXP',
+			DBTYPE_POSTGRES=>'~'
+		)
+	);
+	$f = strtolower($f);
+	if(isset($lookup[$f]) && isset($lookup[$f][ACTIVE_DBTYPE]))
+		return $lookup[$f][ACTIVE_DBTYPE];
+		
+	logger('Unable to abstract DB function "'. $f . '"', LOG_DEBUG);
+	return $f;
+}
+
diff --git a/include/dba/dba_postgres.php b/include/dba/dba_postgres.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a390292a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/dba/dba_postgres.php
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<?php
+
+require_once('include/dba/dba_driver.php');
+
+
+class dba_postgres extends dba_driver {
+	const INSTALL_SCRIPT='install/schema_postgres.sql';
+	const NULL_DATE = '0001-01-01 00:00:00';
+	const UTC_NOW = "now() at time zone 'UTC'";
+	
+	function connect($server,$port,$user,$pass,$db) {
+		if(!$port) $port = 5432;
+		$connstr = 'host=' . $server . ' port='.$port . ' user=' . $user . ' password=' . $pass . ' dbname='. $db;
+		$this->db = pg_connect($connstr);
+		if($this->db !== false) {
+			$this->connected = true;
+		} else {
+			$this->connected = false;
+		}
+		$this->q("SET standard_conforming_strings = 'off'; SET backslash_quote = 'on';"); // emulate mysql string escaping to prevent massive code-clobber
+		return $this->connected;
+	}
+	
+	function q($sql) {
+		if((! $this->db) || (! $this->connected))
+			return false;
+		
+		if(!strpos($sql, ';'))
+			$sql .= ';';
+			
+		if(strpos($sql, '`')) // this is a hack. quoted identifiers should be replaced everywhere in the code with dbesc_identifier(), remove this once it is
+			$sql = str_replace('`', '"', $sql);
+			
+		$this->error = '';
+		$result = @pg_query($this->db, $sql);
+		if(file_exists('db-allqueries.out')) {
+			$bt = debug_backtrace();
+			$trace = array();
+			foreach($bt as $frame) {
+				if(!empty($frame['file']) && @strstr($frame['file'], $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']))
+					$frame['file'] = substr($frame['file'], strlen($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'])+1);
+					
+				$trace[] = $frame['file'] . ':' . $frame['function'] . '():' . $frame['line'] ;
+			}
+			$compact = join(', ', $trace);
+			file_put_contents('db-allqueries.out', datetime_convert() . ": " . $sql . ' is_resource: '.var_export(is_resource($result), true).', backtrace: '.$compact."\n\n", FILE_APPEND);
+		}
+
+		if($result === false)
+			$this->error = pg_last_error($this->db);
+
+		if($result === false || $this->error) {
+			//logger('dba_postgres: ' . printable($sql) . ' returned false.' . "\n" . $this->error);
+			if(file_exists('dbfail.out'))
+				file_put_contents('dbfail.out', datetime_convert() . "\n" . printable($sql) . ' returned false' . "\n" . $this->error . "\n", FILE_APPEND);
+		}
+			
+		if(($result === true) || ($result === false))
+			return $result;
+		
+		if(pg_result_status($result) == PGSQL_COMMAND_OK)
+			return true;
+			
+		$r = array();
+		if(pg_num_rows($result)) {
+			while($x = pg_fetch_array($result, null, PGSQL_ASSOC))
+				$r[] = $x;
+			pg_free_result($result);
+			if($this->debug)
+				logger('dba_postgres: ' . printable(print_r($r,true)));
+		}
+		return $r;
+	}
+	
+	function escape($str) {
+		if($this->db && $this->connected) {
+			$x = @pg_escape_string($this->db, $str);
+			return $x;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	function escapebin($str) {
+		return pg_escape_bytea($str);
+	}
+	
+	function unescapebin($str) {
+		return pg_unescape_bytea($str);
+	}
+	
+	function close() {
+		if($this->db)
+			pg_close($this->db);
+		$this->connected = false;
+	}
+	
+	function quote_interval($txt) {
+		return "'$txt'";
+	}
+	
+	function escape_identifier($str) {
+		return pg_escape_identifier($this->db, $str);
+	}
+	
+	function optimize_table($table) {
+		// perhaps do some equivalent thing here, vacuum, etc? I think this is the DBA's domain anyway. Applications should not need to muss with this.
+		// for now do nothing without a compelling reason. function overrides default legacy mysql.
+	}
+	
+	function concat($fld, $sep) {
+		return 'string_agg(' . $fld . ',\'' . $sep . '\')';
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/deliver.php b/include/deliver.php
index 8f6ba543d..a9f4fc220 100644
--- a/include/deliver.php
+++ b/include/deliver.php
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ function deliver_run($argv, $argc) {
 				$result = z_post_url($r[0]['outq_posturl'],$r[0]['outq_msg']); 
 				if($result['success'] && $result['return_code'] < 300) {
 					logger('deliver: queue post success to ' . $r[0]['outq_posturl'], LOGGER_DEBUG);
-					$y = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					$y = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s'",
 						dbesc($argv[$x])
 					);
 				}
 				else {
 					logger('deliver: queue post returned ' . $result['return_code'] . ' from ' . $r[0]['outq_posturl'],LOGGER_DEBUG);
-					$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s'",
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						dbesc($argv[$x])
 					);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function deliver_run($argv, $argc) {
 						$msg = array('body' => json_encode(array('pickup' => array(array('notify' => $notify,'message' => $m)))));
 						zot_import($msg,z_root());
 					}
-					$r = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					$r = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s'",
 						dbesc($argv[$x])
 					);
 				}
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ function deliver_run($argv, $argc) {
 					zot_process_response($r[0]['outq_posturl'],$result, $r[0]);				
 				}
 				else {
-					$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s'",
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						dbesc($argv[$x])
 					);
diff --git a/include/diaspora.php b/include/diaspora.php
index c6d4b7423..81ed9f3ab 100755
--- a/include/diaspora.php
+++ b/include/diaspora.php
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ function diaspora_request($importer,$xml) {
 
 		$newperms = PERMS_R_STREAM|PERMS_R_PROFILE|PERMS_R_PHOTOS|PERMS_R_ABOOK|PERMS_W_STREAM|PERMS_W_COMMENT|PERMS_W_MAIL|PERMS_W_CHAT|PERMS_R_STORAGE|PERMS_R_PAGES;
 
-		$r = q("update abook set abook_their_perms = %d where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update abook set abook_their_perms = %d where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d",
 			intval($newperms),
 			intval($contact['abook_id']),
 			intval($importer['channel_id'])
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ function diaspora_request($importer,$xml) {
 
 	$default_perms = 0;
 	// look for default permissions to apply in return - e.g. auto-friend
-	$z = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+	$z = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 		intval($importer['channel_id']),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
diff --git a/include/dir_fns.php b/include/dir_fns.php
index f58e7c307..8f27fb85d 100644
--- a/include/dir_fns.php
+++ b/include/dir_fns.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function check_upstream_directory() {
 	*/
 	$directory = get_config('system','directory_server');
 	if ($directory) {
-		$r = q("select * from site where site_url = '%s' and (site_flags & %d) ",
+		$r = q("select * from site where site_url = '%s' and (site_flags & %d)>0 ",
 			dbesc($directory),
 			intval(DIRECTORY_MODE_PRIMARY|DIRECTORY_MODE_SECONDARY|DIRECTORY_MODE_STANDALONE)
 		);
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ function sync_directories($dirmode) {
 
 	$realm = get_directory_realm();
 	if($realm == DIRECTORY_REALM) {
-		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d) and site_url != '%s' and ( site_realm = '%s' or site_realm = '') ",
+		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d)>0 and site_url != '%s' and ( site_realm = '%s' or site_realm = '') ",
 			intval(DIRECTORY_MODE_PRIMARY|DIRECTORY_MODE_SECONDARY),
 			dbesc(z_root()),
 			dbesc($realm)
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d) and site_url != '%s' and site_realm like '%s' ",
+		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d)>0 and site_url != '%s' and site_realm like '%s' ",
 			intval(DIRECTORY_MODE_PRIMARY|DIRECTORY_MODE_SECONDARY),
 			dbesc(z_root()),
 			dbesc(protect_sprintf('%' . $realm . '%'))
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ function sync_directories($dirmode) {
 			dbesc($r[0]['site_realm'])
 		);
 
-		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d) and site_url != '%s'",
+		$r = q("select * from site where (site_flags & %d)>0 and site_url != '%s'",
 			intval(DIRECTORY_MODE_PRIMARY|DIRECTORY_MODE_SECONDARY),
 			dbesc(z_root())
 		);
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ function sync_directories($dirmode) {
 		if((! $j['transactions']) || (! is_array($j['transactions'])))
 			continue;
 
-		q("update site set site_sync = '%s' where site_url = '%s' limit 1",
+		q("update site set site_sync = '%s' where site_url = '%s'",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			dbesc($rr['site_url'])
 		);
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ function local_dir_update($uid,$force) {
 		
 		if($new_flags != $r[0]['xchan_flags']) {			
 
-			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = %d  where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_flags = %d  where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				intval($new_flags),
 				dbesc($p[0]['channel_hash'])
 			);
@@ -281,10 +281,10 @@ function local_dir_update($uid,$force) {
 		}
 		else {
 			// they may have made it private
-			$r = q("delete from xprof where xprof_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xprof where xprof_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($hash)
 			);
-			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($hash)
 			);
 		}
diff --git a/include/directory.php b/include/directory.php
index 60070f7ec..a7324a99a 100644
--- a/include/directory.php
+++ b/include/directory.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function directory_run($argv, $argc){
 
 		local_dir_update($argv[1],$force);
 
-		q("update channel set channel_dirdate = '%s' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update channel set channel_dirdate = '%s' where channel_id = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($channel['channel_id'])
 		);
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ function directory_run($argv, $argc){
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		q("update channel set channel_dirdate = '%s' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update channel set channel_dirdate = '%s' where channel_id = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($channel['channel_id'])
 		);
diff --git a/include/enotify.php b/include/enotify.php
index 2503f9ab0..f3eb80117 100644
--- a/include/enotify.php
+++ b/include/enotify.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function notification($params) {
 	}
 	if($params['to_xchan']) {
 		$y = q("select channel.*, account.* from channel left join account on channel_account_id = account_id
-			where channel_hash = '%s' and not (channel_pageflags & %d) limit 1",
+			where channel_hash = '%s' and not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc($params['to_xchan']),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ function notification($params) {
 	if(($a->language === 'en' || (! $a->language)) && strpos($msg,', '))
 		$msg = substr($msg,strpos($msg,', ')+1);	
 
-	$r = q("update notify set msg = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update notify set msg = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d",
 		dbesc($msg),
 		intval($notify_id),
 		intval($datarray['uid'])
diff --git a/include/event.php b/include/event.php
index 03ecaa0a7..d95e8b401 100644
--- a/include/event.php
+++ b/include/event.php
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ function event_store_event($arr) {
 			`allow_gid` = '%s',
 			`deny_cid` = '%s',
 			`deny_gid` = '%s'
-			WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d LIMIT 1",
+			WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d",
 
 			dbesc($arr['edited']),
 			dbesc($arr['start']),
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ function event_addtocal($item_id, $uid) {
 
 		$event = event_store_event($ev);
 		if($event) {
-			$r = q("update item set resource_id = '%s', resource_type = 'event' where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("update item set resource_id = '%s', resource_type = 'event' where id = %d and uid = %d",
 				dbesc($event['event_hash']),
 				intval($item['id']),
 				intval($channel['channel_id'])
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ function event_store_item($arr,$event) {
 
 		$private = (($arr['allow_cid'] || $arr['allow_gid'] || $arr['deny_cid'] || $arr['deny_gid']) ? 1 : 0);
 
-		q("UPDATE item SET title = '%s', body = '%s', object = '%s', allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', edited = '%s', item_flags = %d, item_private = %d  WHERE id = %d AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		q("UPDATE item SET title = '%s', body = '%s', object = '%s', allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', edited = '%s', item_flags = %d, item_private = %d  WHERE id = %d AND uid = %d",
 			dbesc($arr['summary']),
 			dbesc($prefix . format_event_bbcode($arr)),
 			dbesc($object),
diff --git a/include/expire.php b/include/expire.php
index 442914a39..a229bd4ac 100644
--- a/include/expire.php
+++ b/include/expire.php
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ function expire_run($argv, $argc){
 
 	cli_startup();
 
-	$r = q("select id from item where (item_restrict & %d) and not (item_restrict & %d) and changed < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 10 DAY",
+	$r = q("select id from item where (item_restrict & %d)>0 and not (item_restrict & %d)>0 and changed < %s - INTERVAL %s",
 		intval(ITEM_DELETED),
-		intval(ITEM_PENDING_REMOVE)
+		intval(ITEM_PENDING_REMOVE),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('10 DAY')
 	);
 	if($r) {
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
@@ -19,8 +20,9 @@ function expire_run($argv, $argc){
 
 	// physically remove anything that has been deleted for more than two months
 
-	$r = q("delete from item where ( item_restrict & %d ) and changed < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 36 DAY",
-		intval(ITEM_PENDING_REMOVE)
+	$r = q("delete from item where ( item_restrict & %d )>0 and changed < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		intval(ITEM_PENDING_REMOVE),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('36 DAY')
 	);
 
 	// make this optional as it could have a performance impact on large sites
diff --git a/include/externals.php b/include/externals.php
index 280daf4a4..0be5d0fde 100644
--- a/include/externals.php
+++ b/include/externals.php
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ function externals_run($argv, $argc){
 			$url = $arr['url'];
 		} 
 		else {
-			$r = q("select site_url, site_pull from site where site_url != '%s' and site_flags != %d order by rand() limit 1",
+			$randfunc = db_getfunc('RAND');
+			$r = q("select site_url, site_pull from site where site_url != '%s' and site_flags != %d order by $randfunc limit 1",
 				dbesc(z_root()),
 				intval(DIRECTORY_MODE_STANDALONE)
 			);
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ function externals_run($argv, $argc){
 			$x = z_fetch_url($feedurl);
 			if(($x) && ($x['success'])) {
 
-				q("update site set site_pull = '%s' where site_url = '%s' limit 1",
+				q("update site set site_pull = '%s' where site_url = '%s'",
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 					dbesc($url)
 				);
@@ -99,12 +100,12 @@ $z = null;
 							$flag_bits = ITEM_WALL|ITEM_ORIGIN|ITEM_UPLINK;
 							// preserve the source
 
-							$r = q("update item set source_xchan = owner_xchan where id = %d limit 1",
+							$r = q("update item set source_xchan = owner_xchan where id = %d",
 								intval($z[0]['id'])
 							);
 
     						$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags | %d ), owner_xchan = '%s' 
-								where id = %d limit 1",
+								where id = %d",
 								intval($flag_bits),
 								dbesc($sys['xchan_hash']),
 								intval($z[0]['id'])
diff --git a/include/follow.php b/include/follow.php
index 20fd7f5fc..af75354de 100644
--- a/include/follow.php
+++ b/include/follow.php
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ function new_contact($uid,$url,$channel,$interactive = false, $confirm = false)
 
 	// check service class limits
 
-	$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) ",
+	$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
@@ -209,8 +209,9 @@ function new_contact($uid,$url,$channel,$interactive = false, $confirm = false)
 			return $result;
 		}
 
-		$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_account = %d and ( abook_flags & ABOOK_FLAG_FEED )",
-			intval($aid)
+		$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_account = %d and ( abook_flags & %d )>0",
+			intval($aid),
+			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_FEED)
 		);
 		if($r)
 			$total_feeds = $r[0]['total'];
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ function new_contact($uid,$url,$channel,$interactive = false, $confirm = false)
 		intval($uid)
 	);
 	if($r) {
-		$x = q("update abook set abook_their_perms = %d where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+		$x = q("update abook set abook_their_perms = %d where abook_id = %d",
 			intval($their_perms),
 			intval($r[0]['abook_id'])
 		);		
diff --git a/include/group.php b/include/group.php
index d4f08108f..28cf5d80d 100644
--- a/include/group.php
+++ b/include/group.php
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ function group_add($uid,$name,$public = 0) {
 				intval($r)
 			);
 			if(count($z) && $z[0]['deleted']) {
-				$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `deleted` = 0 WHERE `uid` = %d AND `name` = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+				/*$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `deleted` = 0 WHERE `uid` = %d AND `name` = '%s' LIMIT 1",
 					intval($uid),
 					dbesc($name)
-				);
+				);*/
+				q('UPDATE groups SET deleted = 0 WHERE id = %d', intval($z[0]['id']));
 				notice( t('A deleted group with this name was revived. Existing item permissions <strong>may</strong> apply to this group and any future members. If this is not what you intended, please create another group with a different name.') . EOL); 
 			}
 			return true;
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ function group_rmv($uid,$name) {
 		);
 
 		// remove group
-		$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `deleted` = 1 WHERE `uid` = %d AND `name` = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `deleted` = 1 WHERE `uid` = %d AND `name` = '%s'",
 			intval($uid),
 			dbesc($name)
 		);
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ function group_rmv_member($uid,$name,$member) {
 		return false;
 	if(! ( $uid && $gid && $member))
 		return false;
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM `group_member` WHERE `uid` = %d AND `gid` = %d AND xchan = '%s' LIMIT 1 ",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM `group_member` WHERE `uid` = %d AND `gid` = %d AND xchan = '%s' ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($gid),
 		dbesc($member)
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ function group_get_members($gid) {
 	if(intval($gid)) {
 		$r = q("SELECT * FROM `group_member` 
 			LEFT JOIN abook ON abook_xchan = `group_member`.`xchan` left join xchan on xchan_hash = abook_xchan
-			WHERE `gid` = %d AND abook_channel = %d and `group_member`.`uid` = %d and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) and not ( abook_flags & %d ) and not ( abook_flags & %d ) ORDER BY xchan_name ASC ",
+			WHERE `gid` = %d AND abook_channel = %d and `group_member`.`uid` = %d and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 ORDER BY xchan_name ASC ",
 			intval($gid),
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(local_user()),
diff --git a/include/hubloc.php b/include/hubloc.php
index 0a1b51331..43187fcee 100644
--- a/include/hubloc.php
+++ b/include/hubloc.php
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function remove_obsolete_hublocs() {
 			? intval(get_config('system','delivery_interval')) : 2 );
 
 	foreach($r as $rr) {
-		q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags | %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags | %d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 			intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
 			intval($rr['hubloc_id'])
 		);
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ function hubloc_change_primary($hubloc) {
 		dbesc($hubloc['hubloc_hash'])
 	);
 	if(($r) && (! $r[0]['channel_primary'])) {
-		q("update channel set channel_primary = 1 where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update channel set channel_primary = 1 where channel_id = %d",
 			intval($r[0]['channel_id'])
 		);
 	}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ function hubloc_change_primary($hubloc) {
 	$url = $hubloc['hubloc_url'];
 	$lwebbie = substr($hubloc['hubloc_addr'],0,strpos($hubloc['hubloc_addr'],'@'));
 
-	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s', xchan_follow = '%s', xchan_connurl = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s', xchan_follow = '%s', xchan_connurl = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc($hubloc['hubloc_addr']),
 		dbesc($url . '/channel/' . $lwebbie),
 		dbesc($url . '/follow?f=&url=%s'),
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ function xchan_store($arr) {
 		return $r;
 
 	$photos = import_profile_photo($arr['photo'],$arr['hash']);
-	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		dbesc($photos[0]),
 		dbesc($photos[1]),
diff --git a/include/identity.php b/include/identity.php
index 9a574ea65..11dab7744 100644
--- a/include/identity.php
+++ b/include/identity.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ require_once('include/crypto.php');
 function identity_check_service_class($account_id) {
 	$ret = array('success' => false, $message => '');
 	
-	$r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) ",
+	$r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 ",
 		intval($account_id),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ function create_sys_channel() {
 }
 
 function get_sys_channel() {
-	$r = q("select * from channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash where (channel_pageflags & %d) limit 1",
+	$r = q("select * from channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash where (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 		intval(PAGE_SYSTEM)
 	);
 	if($r)
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ function is_sys_channel($channel_id) {
  */
 
 function channel_total() {
-	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d )",
+	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0",
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
 
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ function create_identity($arr) {
 				dbesc( t('Friends') )
 			);
 			if($r) {
-				q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s', channel_allow_gid = '%s' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+				q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s', channel_allow_gid = '%s' where channel_id = %d",
 					dbesc($r[0]['hash']),
 					dbesc('<' . $r[0]['hash'] . '>'),
 					intval($newuid)
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ function set_default_login_identity($account_id,$channel_id,$force = true) {
 	);
 	if($r) {
 		if((intval($r[0]['account_default_channel']) == 0) || ($force)) {
-			$r = q("update account set account_default_channel = %d where account_id = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("update account set account_default_channel = %d where account_id = %d",
 				intval($channel_id),
 				intval($account_id)
 			);
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ function identity_basic_export($channel_id, $items = false) {
 
 	// warning: this may run into memory limits on smaller systems
 
-	$r = q("select * from item where (item_flags & %d) and not (item_restrict & %d) and uid = %d",
+	$r = q("select * from item where (item_flags & %d)>0 and not (item_restrict & %d)>0 and uid = %d",
 		intval(ITEM_WALL),
 		intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 		intval($channel_id)
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ function profile_load(&$a, $nickname, $profile = '') {
 	if(! $p) {
 		$p = q("SELECT profile.uid AS profile_uid, profile.*, channel.* FROM profile
 			LEFT JOIN channel ON profile.uid = channel.channel_id
-			WHERE channel.channel_address = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) 
+			WHERE channel.channel_address = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 
 			AND profile.is_default = 1 LIMIT 1",
 			dbesc($nickname),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
@@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ function get_channel_by_nick($nick) {
 
 function identity_selector() {
 	if(local_user()) {
-		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel.channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) order by channel_name ",
+		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel.channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 order by channel_name ",
 			intval(get_account_id()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@ function notifications_off($channel_id) {
 	$r = q("select channel_notifyflags from channel where channel_id = %d limit 1",
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
-	$x = q("update channel set channel_notifyflags = 0 where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+	$x = q("update channel set channel_notifyflags = 0 where channel_id = %d",
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
 
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ function notifications_off($channel_id) {
 
 
 function notifications_on($channel_id,$value) {
-	$x = q("update channel set channel_notifyflags = %d where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+	$x = q("update channel set channel_notifyflags = %d where channel_id = %d",
 		intval($value),
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
diff --git a/include/items.php b/include/items.php
index d173e1a98..d27d6e64c 100755
--- a/include/items.php
+++ b/include/items.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function collect_recipients($item,&$private_envelope) {
 		// as that would allow the denied person to see the post by logging out. 
 
 		if((! $item['allow_cid']) && (! $item['allow_gid'])) {
-			$r = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) ",
+			$r = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 				intval($item['uid']),
 				intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED)
 			);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function collect_recipients($item,&$private_envelope) {
 		$private_envelope = false;
 
 		if(array_key_exists('public_policy',$item) && $item['public_policy'] !== 'self') {
-			$r = q("select abook_xchan, xchan_network from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) ",
+			$r = q("select abook_xchan, xchan_network from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 				intval($item['uid']),
 				intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED)
 			);
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ function add_source_route($iid,$hash) {
 	);
 	if($r) {
 		$new_route = (($r[0]['route']) ? $r[0]['route'] . ',' : '') . $hash; 
-		q("update item set route = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update item set route = '%s' where id = %d",
 			(dbesc($new_route)),
 			intval($iid)
 		);
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ function import_author_rss($x) {
 		$photos = import_profile_photo($x['photo']['src'],$x['url']);
 
 		if($photos) {
-			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_url = '%s' and xchan_network = 'rss' limit 1",
+			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_url = '%s' and xchan_network = 'rss'",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
 				dbesc($photos[0]),
 				dbesc($photos[1]),
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ function import_author_unknown($x) {
 		$photos = import_profile_photo($x['photo']['src'],$x['url']);
 
 		if($photos) {
-			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_url = '%s' and xchan_network = 'unknown' limit 1",
+			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_url = '%s' and xchan_network = 'unknown'",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
 				dbesc($photos[0]),
 				dbesc($photos[1]),
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ function item_store($arr,$allow_exec = false) {
 
 	$r = q("UPDATE item SET parent = %d, allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s',
 		deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', public_policy = '%s', item_private = %d, comments_closed = '%s' 
-		WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+		WHERE id = %d",
 		intval($parent_id),
 		dbesc($allow_cid),
 		dbesc($allow_gid),
@@ -2258,13 +2258,13 @@ function item_store($arr,$allow_exec = false) {
 
 	// update the commented timestamp on the parent
 
-	$z = q("select max(created) as commented from item where parent_mid = '%s' and uid = %d and not ( item_restrict & %d ) ",
+	$z = q("select max(created) as commented from item where parent_mid = '%s' and uid = %d and not ( item_restrict & %d )>0 ",
 		dbesc($arr['parent_mid']),
 		intval($arr['uid']),
 		intval(ITEM_DELAYED_PUBLISH)
 	);
 
-	q("UPDATE item set commented = '%s', changed = '%s' WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+	q("UPDATE item set commented = '%s', changed = '%s' WHERE id = %d",
 		dbesc(($z) ? $z[0]['commented'] : (datetime_convert())),
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		intval($parent_id)
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@ function item_store_update($arr,$allow_exec = false) {
 			$str .= " `" . $k . "` = '" . $v . "' ";
 		} 
 
-	$r = dbq("update `item` set " . $str . " where id = " . $orig_post_id . " limit 1");
+	$r = dbq("update `item` set " . $str . " where id = " . $orig_post_id );
 
 	if($r)
 		logger('item_store_update: updated item ' . $orig_post_id, LOGGER_DEBUG);
@@ -2553,7 +2553,7 @@ function store_diaspora_comment_sig($datarray, $channel, $parent_item, $post_id,
 	$key = get_config('system','pubkey');
 	$y = crypto_encapsulate(json_encode($x),$key);
 
-	$r = q("update item set diaspora_meta = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update item set diaspora_meta = '%s' where id = %d",
 		dbesc(json_encode($y)),
 		intval($post_id) 
 	);
@@ -2749,7 +2749,7 @@ function tag_deliver($uid,$item_id) {
 							$taglink = get_rel_link($j_obj['link'],'alternate');
 
 						store_item_tag($u[0]['channel_id'],$p[0]['id'],TERM_OBJ_POST,TERM_HASHTAG,$j_obj['title'],$j_obj['id']);
-						$x = q("update item set edited = '%s', received = '%s', changed = '%s' where mid = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+						$x = q("update item set edited = '%s', received = '%s', changed = '%s' where mid = '%s' and uid = %d",
 							dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 							dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 							dbesc(datetime_convert()),
@@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@ function tag_deliver($uid,$item_id) {
 	if($mention) {
 		logger('tag_deliver: mention found for ' . $u[0]['channel_name']);
 		
-		$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags | %d ) where id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags | %d ) where id = %d",
 			intval(ITEM_MENTIONSME),
 			intval($item_id)
 		);			
@@ -2930,7 +2930,7 @@ function tgroup_check($uid,$item) {
 	// or is a followup and we have already accepted the top level post as an uplink
 
 	if($item['mid'] != $item['parent_mid']) {
-		$r = q("select id from item where mid = '%s' and uid = %d and ( item_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+		$r = q("select id from item where mid = '%s' and uid = %d and ( item_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc($item['parent_mid']),
 			intval($uid),
 			intval(ITEM_UPLINK)
@@ -3020,14 +3020,14 @@ function start_delivery_chain($channel,$item,$item_id,$parent) {
 	// when we created the delivery fork
 
 	if($parent) {
-		$r = q("update item set source_xchan = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update item set source_xchan = '%s' where id = %d",
 			dbesc($parent['source_xchan']),
 			intval($item_id)
 		);
 	}
 	else {
 		$flag_bits = $flag_bits | ITEM_UPLINK;
-		$r = q("update item set source_xchan = owner_xchan where id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update item set source_xchan = owner_xchan where id = %d",
 			intval($item_id)
 		);
 	} 
@@ -3057,7 +3057,7 @@ function start_delivery_chain($channel,$item,$item_id,$parent) {
 	}
 
 	$r = q("update item set item_flags = %d, owner_xchan = '%s', allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', 
-		deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', item_private = %d, public_policy = '%s', comment_policy = '%s', title = '%s', body = '%s'  where id = %d limit 1",
+		deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', item_private = %d, public_policy = '%s', comment_policy = '%s', title = '%s', body = '%s'  where id = %d",
 		intval($flag_bits),
 		dbesc($channel['channel_hash']),
 		dbesc($channel['channel_allow_cid']),
@@ -3097,7 +3097,7 @@ function start_delivery_chain($channel,$item,$item_id,$parent) {
 function check_item_source($uid,$item) {
 
 
-	$r = q("select * from source where src_channel_id = %d and ( src_xchan = '%s' || src_xchan = '*' ) limit 1",
+	$r = q("select * from source where src_channel_id = %d and ( src_xchan = '%s' or src_xchan = '*' ) limit 1",
 		intval($uid),
 		dbesc(($item['source_xchan']) ?  $item['source_xchan'] : $item['owner_xchan'])
 	);
@@ -3837,17 +3837,17 @@ function item_expire($uid,$days) {
 
 	$expire_network_only = 1;
 
-	$sql_extra = ((intval($expire_network_only)) ? " AND not (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_WALL) . ") " : "");
+	$sql_extra = ((intval($expire_network_only)) ? " AND not (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_WALL) . ")>0 " : "");
 
 	$r = q("SELECT * FROM `item` 
 		WHERE `uid` = %d 
-		AND `created` < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL %d DAY 
+		AND `created` < %s - INTERVAL %s 
 		AND `id` = `parent` 
 		$sql_extra
-		AND NOT ( item_flags & %d )
+		AND NOT ( item_flags & %d )>0
 		AND (item_restrict = 0 ) ",
 		intval($uid),
-		intval($days),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval(intval($days).' DAY'),
 		intval(ITEM_RETAINED)
 	);
 
@@ -3885,7 +3885,7 @@ function item_expire($uid,$days) {
 }
 
 function retain_item($id) {
-	$r = q("update item set item_flags = (item_flags | %d ) where id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update item set item_flags = (item_flags | %d ) where id = %d",
 		intval(ITEM_RETAINED),
 		intval($id)
 	);
@@ -3961,7 +3961,7 @@ function drop_item($id,$interactive = true,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 		// set the deleted flag immediately on this item just in case the 
 		// hook calls a remote process which loops. We'll delete it properly in a second.
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict | %d ) WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict | %d ) WHERE id = %d",
 			intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 			intval($item['id'])
 		);
@@ -4018,7 +4018,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 	switch($stage) {
 		case DROPITEM_PHASE2:
 			$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict | %d ), body = '', title = '',
-				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_PENDING_REMOVE),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
@@ -4028,7 +4028,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 
 		case DROPITEM_PHASE1:
 			$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict | %d ),
-				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
@@ -4039,7 +4039,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 		case DROPITEM_NORMAL:
 		default:
 			$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict | %d ), body = '', title = '',
-				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+				changed = '%s', edited = '%s'  WHERE id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
@@ -4051,7 +4051,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 
 	// immediately remove any undesired profile likes. 
 
-	q("delete from likes where iid = %d and channel_id = %d limit 1",
+	q("delete from likes where iid = %d and channel_id = %d",
 		intval($item['id']),
 		intval($item['uid'])
 	);
@@ -4062,7 +4062,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 
 	if(strlen($item['resource_id'])) {
 		if($item['resource_type'] === 'event') {
-			q("delete from event where event_hash = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+			q("delete from event where event_hash = '%s' and uid = %d",
 				dbesc($item['resource_id']),
 				intval($item['uid'])
 			);				
@@ -4082,12 +4082,12 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 	if($stage == DROPITEM_PHASE1)
 		return true;
 
-	$r = q("delete from term where otype = %d and oid = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("delete from term where otype = %d and oid = %d",
 		intval(TERM_OBJ_POST),
 		intval($item['id'])
 	);
 
-	q("delete from item_id where iid = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+	q("delete from item_id where iid = %d and uid = %d",
 		intval($item['id']),
 		intval($item['uid'])
 	);
@@ -4106,7 +4106,7 @@ function delete_item_lowlevel($item,$stage = DROPITEM_NORMAL) {
 
 function first_post_date($uid,$wall = false) {
 
-	$wall_sql = (($wall) ? sprintf(" and item_flags & %d ", ITEM_WALL) : "" );
+	$wall_sql = (($wall) ? sprintf(" and (item_flags & %d)>0 ", ITEM_WALL) : "" );
 
 	$r = q("select id, created from item
 		where item_restrict = %d and uid = %d and id = parent $wall_sql
@@ -4297,19 +4297,19 @@ function zot_feed($uid,$observer_xchan,$arr) {
 
 	if(is_sys_channel($uid)) {
 		require_once('include/security.php');
-		$r = q("SELECT distinct parent from item
+		$r = q("SELECT distinct parent, created from item
 			WHERE uid != %d
 			and uid in (" . stream_perms_api_uids(PERMS_PUBLIC) . ") AND item_restrict = 0 
-			AND (item_flags &  %d) 
+			AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 
 			and item_private = 0 $sql_extra ORDER BY created ASC $limit",
 			intval($uid),
 			intval(ITEM_WALL)
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("SELECT distinct parent from item
+		$r = q("SELECT distinct parent, created from item
 			WHERE uid = %d AND item_restrict = 0
-			AND (item_flags &  %d) 
+			AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 
 			$sql_extra ORDER BY created ASC $limit",
 			intval($uid),
 			intval(ITEM_WALL)
@@ -4372,12 +4372,12 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
 	}
 
 	if($arr['star'])
-		$sql_options .= " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_STARRED) . ") ";
+		$sql_options .= " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_STARRED) . ")>0 ";
 
 	if($arr['wall'])
-		$sql_options .= " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_WALL) . ") ";
+		$sql_options .= " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_WALL) . ")>0 ";
 									
-	$sql_extra = " AND item.parent IN ( SELECT parent FROM item WHERE (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_THREAD_TOP) . ") $sql_options ) ";
+	$sql_extra = " AND item.parent IN ( SELECT parent FROM item WHERE (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_THREAD_TOP) . ")>0 $sql_options ) ";
 	
 	if($arr['since_id'])
    		$sql_extra .= " and item.id > " . $since_id . " ";
@@ -4415,7 +4415,7 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
     }
     elseif($arr['cid'] && $uid) {
 
-        $r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & " . intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED) . ") limit 1",
+        $r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & " . intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED) . ")>0 limit 1",
 			intval($arr['cid']),
 			intval(local_user())
         );
@@ -4455,7 +4455,7 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
     }
 
     if($arr['conv'] && $channel) {
-        $sql_extra .= sprintf(" AND parent IN (SELECT distinct parent from item where ( author_xchan like '%s' or ( item_flags & %d ))) ",
+        $sql_extra .= sprintf(" AND parent IN (SELECT distinct parent from item where ( author_xchan like '%s' or ( item_flags & %d )>0)) ",
             dbesc(protect_sprintf($uidhash)),
             intval(ITEM_MENTIONSME)
         );
@@ -4471,11 +4471,11 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
     else {
         $itemspage = (($channel) ? get_pconfig($uid,'system','itemspage') : 20);
         $a->set_pager_itemspage(((intval($itemspage)) ? $itemspage : 20));
-        $pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval(get_app()->pager['start']), intval(get_app()->pager['itemspage']));
+        $pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval(get_app()->pager['itemspage']), intval(get_app()->pager['start']));
     }
 
 	if(isset($arr['start']) && isset($arr['records']))
-        $pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval($arr['start']), intval($arr['records']));
+        $pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval($arr['records']), intval($arr['start']));
 
 	if(array_key_exists('cmin',$arr) || array_key_exists('cmax',$arr)) {
 		if(($arr['cmin'] != 0) || ($arr['cmax'] != 99)) {
@@ -4497,7 +4497,7 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
     	}
 	}
 
-    $simple_update = (($client_mode & CLIENT_MODE_UPDATE) ? " and ( item.item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_UNSEEN) . " ) " : '');
+    $simple_update = (($client_mode & CLIENT_MODE_UPDATE) ? " and ( item.item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_UNSEEN) . " )>0 " : '');
     if($client_mode & CLIENT_MODE_LOAD)
         $simple_update = '';
 
@@ -4541,7 +4541,7 @@ function items_fetch($arr,$channel = null,$observer_hash = null,$client_mode = C
 
             // Fetch a page full of parent items for this page
 
-            $r = q("SELECT distinct item.id AS item_id FROM item
+            $r = q("SELECT distinct item.id AS item_id, item.$ordering FROM item
                 left join abook on item.author_xchan = abook.abook_xchan
                 WHERE $item_uids $item_restrict
                 AND item.parent = item.id
@@ -4639,7 +4639,7 @@ function update_remote_id($channel,$post_id,$webpage,$pagetitle,$namespace,$remo
 			dbesc($page_type)
 		);
 		if($r) {
-			q("update item_id set sid = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update item_id set sid = '%s' where id = %d",
 				dbesc(($pagetitle) ? $pagetitle : substr($mid,0,16)),
 				intval($r[0]['id'])
 			);
@@ -4670,7 +4670,7 @@ function item_add_cid($xchan_hash,$mid,$uid) {
 		dbesc('<' . $xchan_hash . '>')
 	);
 	if(! $r) {
-		$r = q("update item set allow_cid = concat(allow_cid,'%s') where mid = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update item set allow_cid = concat(allow_cid,'%s') where mid = '%s' and uid = %d",
 			dbesc('<' . $xchan_hash . '>'),
 			dbesc($mid),
 			intval($uid)
@@ -4685,7 +4685,7 @@ function item_remove_cid($xchan_hash,$mid,$uid) {
 		dbesc('<' . $xchan_hash . '>')
 	);
 	if($r) {
-		$x = q("update item set allow_cid = '%s' where mid = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$x = q("update item set allow_cid = '%s' where mid = '%s' and uid = %d",
 			dbesc(str_replace('<' . $xchan_hash . '>','',$r[0]['allow_cid'])),
 			dbesc($mid),
 			intval($uid)
diff --git a/include/menu.php b/include/menu.php
index 8997d2e39..9dc236605 100644
--- a/include/menu.php
+++ b/include/menu.php
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ function menu_edit($arr) {
 	}
 
 	return q("update menu set menu_name = '%s', menu_desc = '%s', menu_flags = %d
-		where menu_id = %d and menu_channel_id = %d limit 1", 
+		where menu_id = %d and menu_channel_id = %d", 
  		dbesc($menu_name),
 		dbesc($menu_desc),
 		intval($menu_flags),
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ function menu_edit_item($menu_id, $uid, $arr) {
 	}
 
 
-	$r = q("update menu_item set mitem_link = '%s', mitem_desc = '%s', mitem_flags = %d, allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', mitem_order = %d  where mitem_channel_id = %d and mitem_menu_id = %d and mitem_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update menu_item set mitem_link = '%s', mitem_desc = '%s', mitem_flags = %d, allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', mitem_order = %d  where mitem_channel_id = %d and mitem_menu_id = %d and mitem_id = %d",
 		dbesc($mitem_link),
 		dbesc($mitem_desc),
 		intval($mitem_flags),
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ function menu_edit_item($menu_id, $uid, $arr) {
 
 
 function menu_del_item($menu_id,$uid,$item_id) {
-	$r = q("delete from menu_item where mitem_menu_id = %d and mitem_channel_id = %d and mitem_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("delete from menu_item where mitem_menu_id = %d and mitem_channel_id = %d and mitem_id = %d",
 		intval($menu_id),
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($item_id)
diff --git a/include/message.php b/include/message.php
index b063530d6..49278f273 100644
--- a/include/message.php
+++ b/include/message.php
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ function private_messages_list($uid, $mailbox = '', $start = 0, $numitems = 0) {
 	$limit = '';
 
 	if($numitems)
-		$limit = " LIMIT " . intval($start) . ", " . intval($numitems);
+		$limit = " LIMIT " . intval($numitems) . " OFFSET " . intval($start);
 		
 	if($mailbox !== '') {
 		$x = q("select channel_hash from channel where channel_id = %d limit 1",
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ function private_messages_fetch_message($channel_id, $messageitem_id, $updatesee
 	}
 
 	if($updateseen) {
-		$r = q("UPDATE `mail` SET mail_flags = (mail_flags ^ %d) where not (mail_flags & %d) and id = %d AND channel_id = %d",
+		$r = q("UPDATE `mail` SET mail_flags = (mail_flags | %d) where not (mail_flags & %d)>0 and id = %d AND channel_id = %d",
 			intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 			intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 			dbesc($messageitem_id),
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ function private_messages_drop($channel_id, $messageitem_id, $drop_conversation
 		}
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("DELETE FROM mail WHERE id = %d AND channel_id = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("DELETE FROM mail WHERE id = %d AND channel_id = %d",
 			intval($messageitem_id),
 			intval($channel_id)
 		);
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ function private_messages_fetch_conversation($channel_id, $messageitem_id, $upda
 
 
 	if($updateseen) {
-		$r = q("UPDATE `mail` SET mail_flags = (mail_flags ^ %d) where not (mail_flags & %d) and parent_mid = '%s' AND channel_id = %d",
+		$r = q("UPDATE `mail` SET mail_flags = (mail_flags | %d) where not (mail_flags & %d)>0 and parent_mid = '%s' AND channel_id = %d",
 			intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 			intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 			dbesc($r[0]['parent_mid']),
diff --git a/include/nav.php b/include/nav.php
index f1f89db20..d4add7bcd 100644
--- a/include/nav.php
+++ b/include/nav.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ EOT;
 			intval($channel['channel_id'])
 		);
 
-		$chans = q("select channel_name, channel_id from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) order by channel_name ",
+		$chans = q("select channel_name, channel_id from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 order by channel_name ",
 			intval(get_account_id()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
diff --git a/include/network.php b/include/network.php
index 25ed615c6..ee2a6a59b 100644
--- a/include/network.php
+++ b/include/network.php
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ function discover_by_url($url,$arr = null) {
 	);
 
 	$photos = import_profile_photo($photo,$guid);
-	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+	$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		dbesc($photos[0]),
 		dbesc($photos[1]),
@@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ function discover_by_webbie($webbie) {
 				dbesc($vcard['fn']),
 				dbesc($network),
 				dbesc(z_root()),
-				dbesc(datetime_convert())
+				dbescdate(datetime_convert())
 			);
 
 			$r = q("select * from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' limit 1",
@@ -1119,13 +1119,13 @@ function discover_by_webbie($webbie) {
 					dbesc(trim($diaspora_base,'/')),
 					dbesc($hostname),
 					dbesc($notify),
-					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
+					dbescdate(datetime_convert()),
 					intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)
 				);
 			}
 			$photos = import_profile_photo($vcard['photo'],$addr);
-			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
-				dbesc(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
+			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
+				dbescdate(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
 				dbesc($photos[0]),
 				dbesc($photos[1]),
 				dbesc($photos[2]),
diff --git a/include/notifier.php b/include/notifier.php
index c193db116..cb97fcdf8 100644
--- a/include/notifier.php
+++ b/include/notifier.php
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ function notifier_run($argv, $argc){
 		// Get the recipient	
 		$r = q("select abook.*, hubloc.* from abook 
 			left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = abook_xchan
-			where abook_id = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+			where abook_id = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			intval($item_id),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 		);
@@ -205,11 +205,12 @@ function notifier_run($argv, $argc){
 
 		$normal_mode = false;
 		$expire = true;
-		$items = q("SELECT * FROM item WHERE uid = %d AND ( item_flags & %d )
-			AND ( item_restrict & %d ) AND `changed` > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 10 MINUTE",
+		$items = q("SELECT * FROM item WHERE uid = %d AND ( item_flags & %d )>0
+			AND ( item_restrict & %d )>0 AND `changed` > %s - INTERVAL %s",
 			intval($item_id),
 			intval(ITEM_WALL),
-			intval(ITEM_DELETED)
+			intval(ITEM_DELETED),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('10 MINUTE')
 		);
 		$uid = $item_id;
 		$item_id = 0;
@@ -495,13 +496,19 @@ function notifier_run($argv, $argc){
 			where hubloc_hash in (" . implode(',',$recipients) . ") group by hubloc_sitekey order by hubloc_connected desc limit 1");
 	} 
 	else {
-
+		if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) {
+			$r = q("select distinct on (hubloc_sitekey) hubloc_guid, hubloc_url, hubloc_sitekey, hubloc_network, hubloc_flags, hubloc_callback, hubloc_host from hubloc 
+				where hubloc_hash in (" . implode(',',$recipients) . ") and not (hubloc_flags & %d)>0  and not (hubloc_status & %d)>0",
+				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
+				intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE)
+			);
+		} else {
 		$r = q("select hubloc_guid, hubloc_url, hubloc_sitekey, hubloc_network, hubloc_flags, hubloc_callback, hubloc_host from hubloc 
-			where hubloc_hash in (" . implode(',',$recipients) . ") and not (hubloc_flags & %d)  and not (hubloc_status & %d) group by hubloc_sitekey",
+			where hubloc_hash in (" . implode(',',$recipients) . ") and not (hubloc_flags & %d)>0  and not (hubloc_status & %d)>0 group by hubloc_sitekey",
 			intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
 			intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE)
 		);
-
+		}
 	}
 
 	if(! $r) {
diff --git a/include/onedirsync.php b/include/onedirsync.php
index 8ae1df5e5..09c4c9d9a 100644
--- a/include/onedirsync.php
+++ b/include/onedirsync.php
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ function onedirsync_run($argv, $argc){
 	// (where we received this update from) ?
 	// If we have, we don't need to do anything except mark any older entries updated
 
-	$x = q("select * from updates where ud_addr = '%s' and ud_date > '%s' and ( ud_flags & %d ) order by ud_date desc limit 1",
+	$x = q("select * from updates where ud_addr = '%s' and ud_date > '%s' and ( ud_flags & %d )>0 order by ud_date desc limit 1",
 		dbesc($r[0]['ud_addr']),
 		dbesc($r[0]['ud_date']),
 		intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED)
 	);
 	if($x) {
-		$y = q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not ( ud_flags & %d ) and ud_date < '%s' ",
+		$y = q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not ( ud_flags & %d )>0 and ud_date < '%s' ",
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED),
 			dbesc($r[0]['ud_addr']),
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED),
diff --git a/include/onepoll.php b/include/onepoll.php
index 7a81282b3..095edd095 100644
--- a/include/onepoll.php
+++ b/include/onepoll.php
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ function onepoll_run($argv, $argc){
 	$contacts = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.*, account.*
 		FROM abook LEFT JOIN account on abook_account = account_id left join xchan on xchan_hash = abook_xchan 
 		where abook_id = %d
-		AND (( abook_flags & %d ) OR ( abook_flags = %d ))
-		AND NOT ( abook_flags & %d )
+		AND (( abook_flags & %d )>0 OR ( abook_flags = %d ))
+		AND NOT ( abook_flags & %d )>0
 		AND (( account_flags = %d ) OR ( account_flags = %d )) limit 1",
 		intval($contact_id),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_HIDDEN|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_UNCONNECTED|ABOOK_FLAG_FEED),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ function onepoll_run($argv, $argc){
 	if($contact['xchan_network'] === 'rss') {
 		logger('onepoll: processing feed ' . $contact['xchan_name'], LOGGER_DEBUG);
 		handle_feed($importer['channel_id'],$contact_id,$contact['xchan_hash']);
-		q("update abook set abook_connected = '%s' where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update abook set abook_connected = '%s' where abook_id = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($contact['abook_id'])
 		);
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ function onepoll_run($argv, $argc){
 	$connected = datetime_convert();
 	if(! $x) {
 		// mark for death by not updating abook_connected, this is caught in include/poller.php
-		q("update abook set abook_updated = '%s' where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update abook set abook_updated = '%s' where abook_id = %d",
 			dbesc($updated),
 			intval($contact['abook_id'])
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		q("update abook set abook_updated = '%s', abook_connected = '%s' where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update abook set abook_updated = '%s', abook_connected = '%s' where abook_id = %d",
 			dbesc($updated),
 			dbesc($connected),
 			intval($contact['abook_id'])
@@ -145,8 +145,9 @@ function onepoll_run($argv, $argc){
 
 	if($contact['xchan_connurl']) {	
 		$r = q("SELECT xlink_id from xlink 
-			where xlink_xchan = '%s' and xlink_updated > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 1 DAY limit 1",
-			intval($contact['xchan_hash'])
+			where xlink_xchan = '%s' and xlink_updated > %s - INTERVAL %s limit 1",
+			intval($contact['xchan_hash']),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 DAY')
 		);
 		if(! $r) {
 			poco_load($contact['xchan_hash'],$contact['xchan_connurl']);
diff --git a/include/permissions.php b/include/permissions.php
index 186ba32d8..14a531d8c 100644
--- a/include/permissions.php
+++ b/include/permissions.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ function get_all_perms($uid,$observer_xchan,$internal_use = true) {
 			
 			if(! $abook_checked) {
 				$x = q("select abook_my_perms, abook_flags, xchan_network from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
-					where abook_channel = %d and abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+					where abook_channel = %d and abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 					intval($uid),
 					dbesc($observer_xchan),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ function perm_is_allowed($uid,$observer_xchan,$permission) {
 			return true;
 
 		$x = q("select abook_my_perms, abook_flags, xchan_network from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
-			where abook_channel = %d and abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+			where abook_channel = %d and abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			intval($uid),
 			dbesc($observer_xchan),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
diff --git a/include/photo/photo_driver.php b/include/photo/photo_driver.php
index 508d82957..e63125671 100644
--- a/include/photo/photo_driver.php
+++ b/include/photo/photo_driver.php
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				`allow_gid` = '%s',
 				`deny_cid` = '%s',
 				`deny_gid` = '%s'
-				where id = %d limit 1",
+				where id = %d",
 
 				intval($p['aid']),
 				intval($p['uid']),
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				dbesc($p['album']),
 				intval($this->getHeight()),
 				intval($this->getWidth()),
-				dbesc($this->imageString()),
+				dbescbin($this->imageString()),
 				intval(strlen($this->imageString())),
 				intval($p['scale']),
 				intval($p['profile']),
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				dbesc($p['album']),
 				intval($this->getHeight()),
 				intval($this->getWidth()),
-				dbesc($this->imageString()),
+				dbescbin($this->imageString()),
 				intval(strlen($this->imageString())),
 				intval($p['scale']),
 				intval($p['profile']),
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				`allow_gid` = '%s',
 				`deny_cid` = '%s',
 				`deny_gid` = '%s'
-				where id = %d limit 1",
+				where id = %d",
 
 				intval($aid),
 				intval($uid),
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				dbesc($album),
 				intval($this->getHeight()),
 				intval($this->getWidth()),
-				dbesc($this->imageString()),
+				dbescbin($this->imageString()),
 				intval(strlen($this->imageString())),
 				intval($scale),
 				intval($profile),
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ abstract class photo_driver {
 				dbesc($album),
 				intval($this->getHeight()),
 				intval($this->getWidth()),
-				dbesc($this->imageString()),
+				dbescbin($this->imageString()),
 				intval(strlen($this->imageString())),
 				intval($scale),
 				intval($profile),
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ function import_profile_photo($photo,$xchan,$thing = false) {
 	if($thing)
 		$hash = photo_new_resource();
 	else {
-		$r = q("select resource_id from photo where xchan = '%s' and (photo_flags & %d ) and scale = 4 limit 1",
+		$r = q("select resource_id from photo where xchan = '%s' and (photo_flags & %d )>0 and scale = 4 limit 1",
 			dbesc($xchan),
 			intval(PHOTO_XCHAN)
 		);
diff --git a/include/photos.php b/include/photos.php
index badbbd791..bdeb5db83 100644
--- a/include/photos.php
+++ b/include/photos.php
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ function photo_upload($channel, $observer, $args) {
 	 *
 	 */
 
-	$r = q("SELECT * FROM photo WHERE album = '%s' AND uid = %d AND created > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 3 HOUR ",
+	$r = q("SELECT * FROM photo WHERE album = '%s' AND uid = %d AND created > %s - INTERVAL %s ",
 		dbesc($album),
-		intval($channel_id)
+		intval($channel_id),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('3 HOUR')
 	);
 	if((! $r) || ($album == t('Profile Photos')))
 		$visible = 1;
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ function photos_albums_list($channel,$observer) {
 
 	$sql_extra = permissions_sql($channel_id);
 
-	$albums = q("SELECT count( distinct resource_id ) as total, album from photo where uid = %d and ( photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) $sql_extra group by album order by created desc",
+	$albums = q("SELECT count( distinct resource_id ) as total, album from photo where uid = %d and ( photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) $sql_extra group by album order by max(created) desc",
 		intval($channel_id),
 		intval(PHOTO_NORMAL),
 		intval(PHOTO_PROFILE)
diff --git a/include/plugin.php b/include/plugin.php
index 4f9ab71da..e500ccc56 100755
--- a/include/plugin.php
+++ b/include/plugin.php
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ function load_plugin($plugin) {
 		// This way the system won't fall over dead during the update.
 
 		if(file_exists('addon/' . $plugin . '/.hidden')) {
-			q("update addon set hidden = 1 where name = '%s' limit 1",
+			q("update addon set hidden = 1 where name = '%s'",
 				dbesc($plugin)
 			);
 		}
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ function reload_plugins() {
 								$func = $pl . '_load';
 								$func();
 							}
-							q("UPDATE `addon` SET `timestamp` = %d WHERE `id` = %d LIMIT 1",
+							q("UPDATE `addon` SET `timestamp` = %d WHERE `id` = %d",
 								intval($t),
 								intval($i['id'])
 							);
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ function register_hook($hook, $file, $function, $priority = 0) {
  * @return mixed
  */
 function unregister_hook($hook, $file, $function) {
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM hook WHERE hook = '%s' AND `file` = '%s' AND `function` = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM hook WHERE hook = '%s' AND `file` = '%s' AND `function` = '%s'",
 		dbesc($hook),
 		dbesc($file),
 		dbesc($function)
diff --git a/include/poller.php b/include/poller.php
index f11618d37..8e52d6e05 100644
--- a/include/poller.php
+++ b/include/poller.php
@@ -44,15 +44,17 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 
 	// expire any expired mail
 
-	q("delete from mail where expires != '%s' and expires < UTC_TIMESTAMP() ",
-		dbesc(NULL_DATE)
+	q("delete from mail where expires != '%s' and expires < %s ",
+		dbesc(NULL_DATE),
+		db_utcnow()
 	);
 
 	// expire any expired items
 
-	$r = q("select id from item where expires != '%s' and expires < UTC_TIMESTAMP() 
-		and not ( item_restrict & %d ) ",
+	$r = q("select id from item where expires != '%s' and expires < %s 
+		and not ( item_restrict & %d )>0 ",
 		dbesc(NULL_DATE),
+		db_utcnow(),
 		intval(ITEM_DELETED)
 	);
 	if($r) {
@@ -66,7 +68,9 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 	// channels and sites that quietly vanished and prevent the directory from accumulating stale
 	// or dead entries.
 
-	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where channel_dirdate < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 30 DAY");
+	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where channel_dirdate < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('30 DAY')
+	);
 	if($r) {
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
 			proc_run('php','include/directory.php',$rr['channel_id'],'force');
@@ -78,12 +82,13 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 	// publish any applicable items that were set to be published in the future
 	// (time travel posts)
 
-	$r = q("select id from item where ( item_restrict & %d ) and created <= UTC_TIMESTAMP() ",
-		intval(ITEM_DELAYED_PUBLISH)
+	$r = q("select id from item where ( item_restrict & %d )>0 and created <= %s ",
+		intval(ITEM_DELAYED_PUBLISH),
+		db_utcnow()
 	);
 	if($r) {
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
-			$x = q("update item set item_restrict = ( item_restrict ^ %d ) where id = %d limit 1",
+			$x = q("update item set item_restrict = ( item_restrict & ~%d ) where id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_DELAYED_PUBLISH),
 				intval($rr['id'])
 			);
@@ -167,7 +172,9 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 
 		// expire any read notifications over a month old
 
-		q("delete from notify where seen = 1 and date < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 30 DAY");
+		q("delete from notify where seen = 1 and date < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('30 DAY')
+		);
 
 		// expire any expired accounts
 		downgrade_accounts();
@@ -199,13 +206,15 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 	// This should be rare
 
 	$r = q("select xchan_photo_l, xchan_hash from xchan where xchan_photo_l != '' and xchan_photo_m = '' 
-		and xchan_photo_date < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 1 DAY");
+		and xchan_photo_date < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 DAY')
+	);
 	if($r) {
 		require_once('include/photo/photo_driver.php');
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
 			$photos = import_profile_photo($rr['xchan_photo_l'],$rr['xchan_hash']);
 			$x = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s'
-				where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($photos[0]),
 				dbesc($photos[1]),
 				dbesc($photos[2]),
@@ -258,16 +267,17 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 	// Only poll from those with suitable relationships
 
 	$abandon_sql = (($abandon_days) 
-		? sprintf(" AND account_lastlog > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL %d DAY ", intval($abandon_days)) 
+		? sprintf(" AND account_lastlog > %s - INTERVAL %s ", db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval(intval($abandon_days).' DAY')) 
 		: '' 
 	);
 
-
+	$randfunc = (ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) ? 'RANDOM()' : 'RAND()';
+	
 	$contacts = q("SELECT abook_id, abook_flags, abook_updated, abook_connected, abook_closeness, abook_xchan, abook_channel
-		FROM abook LEFT JOIN account on abook_account = account_id where 1
+		FROM abook LEFT JOIN account on abook_account = account_id
 		$sql_extra 
-		AND (( abook_flags & %d ) OR  ( abook_flags = %d )) 
-		AND (( account_flags = %d ) OR ( account_flags = %d )) $abandon_sql ORDER BY RAND()",
+		AND (( abook_flags & %d )>0 OR  ( abook_flags = %d )) 
+		AND (( account_flags = %d ) OR ( account_flags = %d )) $abandon_sql ORDER BY $randfunc",
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_HIDDEN|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_UNCONNECTED|ABOOK_FLAG_FEED),
 		intval(0),
 		intval(ACCOUNT_OK),
@@ -308,7 +318,7 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 				// if we've never connected with them, start the mark for death countdown from now
 
 				if($c == NULL_DATE) {
-					$r = q("update abook set abook_connected = '%s'  where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+					$r = q("update abook set abook_connected = '%s'  where abook_id = %d",
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($contact['abook_id'])
 					);
@@ -323,7 +333,7 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 						dbesc($contact['abook_xchan'])
 					);
 					if($n && $n[0]['xchan_network'] == 'zot') {
-						$r = q("update abook set abook_flags = (abook_flags | %d) where abook_id = %d limit 1",
+						$r = q("update abook set abook_flags = (abook_flags | %d) where abook_id = %d",
 							intval(ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED),
 							intval($contact['abook_id'])
 						);
@@ -365,9 +375,10 @@ function poller_run($argv, $argc){
 	}
 
 	if($dirmode == DIRECTORY_MODE_SECONDARY || $dirmode == DIRECTORY_MODE_PRIMARY) {
-		$r = q("select distinct ud_addr, updates.* from updates where not ( ud_flags & %d ) and ud_addr != '' and ( ud_last = '%s' OR ud_last > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 7 DAY ) group by ud_addr ",
+		$r = q("select distinct ud_addr, updates.* from updates where not ( ud_flags & %d )>0 and ud_addr != '' and ( ud_last = '%s' OR ud_last > %s - INTERVAL %s ) group by ud_addr ",
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED),
-			dbesc(NULL_DATE)
+			dbesc(NULL_DATE),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('7 DAY')
 		);
 		if($r) {
 			foreach($r as $rr) {
diff --git a/include/queue.php b/include/queue.php
index 222ebada4..b6a540ef9 100644
--- a/include/queue.php
+++ b/include/queue.php
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ function queue_run($argv, $argc){
 
 	logger('queue: start');
 
-	$r = q("DELETE FROM outq WHERE outq_created < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 3 DAY");
+	$r = q("DELETE FROM outq WHERE outq_created < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('3 DAY')
+	);
 
 	if($queue_id) {
 		$r = q("SELECT * FROM outq WHERE outq_hash = '%s' LIMIT 1",
@@ -37,8 +39,18 @@ function queue_run($argv, $argc){
 		// so that we don't start off a thousand deliveries for a couple of dead hubs.
 		// The zot driver will deliver everything destined for a single hub once contact is made (*if* contact is made).
 		// Other drivers will have to do something different here and may need their own query.
- 
-		$r = q("SELECT * FROM outq WHERE outq_delivered = 0 and (( outq_created > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 12 HOUR and outq_updated < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 15 MINUTE ) OR ( outq_updated < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 1 HOUR )) group by outq_posturl");
+		if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) {
+			$prefix = 'DISTINCT ON (outq_posturl)';
+			$suffix = 'ORDER BY outq_posturl';
+		} else {
+			$prefix = '';
+			$suffix = 'GROUP BY outq_posturl';
+		}
+		$r = q("SELECT $prefix * FROM outq WHERE outq_delivered = 0 and (( outq_created > %s - INTERVAL %s and outq_updated < %s - INTERVAL %s ) OR ( outq_updated < %s - INTERVAL %s )) $suffix",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('12 HOUR'),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('15 MINUTE'),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 HOUR')
+		);
 	}
 	if(! $r)
 		return;
@@ -51,13 +63,13 @@ function queue_run($argv, $argc){
 			$result = z_post_url($rr['outq_posturl'],$rr['outq_msg']); 
 			if($result['success'] && $result['return_code'] < 300) {
 				logger('queue: queue post success to ' . $rr['outq_posturl'], LOGGER_DEBUG);
-				$y = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				$y = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s'",
 					dbesc($rr['ouq_hash'])
 				);
 			}
 			else {
 				logger('queue: queue post returned ' . $result['return_code'] . ' from ' . $rr['outq_posturl'],LOGGER_DEBUG);
-				$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s'",
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 					dbesc($rr['outq_hash'])
 				);
@@ -70,7 +82,7 @@ function queue_run($argv, $argc){
 		}
 		else {
 			$deadguys[] = $rr['outq_posturl'];
-			$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$y = q("update outq set outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc($rr['outq_hash'])
 			);
diff --git a/include/queue_fn.php b/include/queue_fn.php
index 512edb531..22580bc48 100644
--- a/include/queue_fn.php
+++ b/include/queue_fn.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 function update_queue_time($id) {
 	logger('queue: requeue item ' . $id);
-	q("UPDATE outq SET outq_updated = '%s' WHERE outq_hash = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	q("UPDATE outq SET outq_updated = '%s' WHERE outq_hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		dbesc($id)
 	);
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ function update_queue_time($id) {
 
 function remove_queue_item($id) {
 	logger('queue: remove queue item ' . $id);
-	q("DELETE FROM outq WHERE hash = '%s' LIMIT 1",
+	q("DELETE FROM outq WHERE hash = '%s'",
 		dbesc($id)
 	);
 }
diff --git a/include/reddav.php b/include/reddav.php
index c16e08e27..750ca1b24 100644
--- a/include/reddav.php
+++ b/include/reddav.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ require_once('include/RedDAV/RedBasicAuth.php');
 function RedChannelList(&$auth) {
 	$ret = array();
 
-	$r = q("SELECT channel_id, channel_address FROM channel WHERE NOT (channel_pageflags & %d) AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)",
+	$r = q("SELECT channel_id, channel_address FROM channel WHERE NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d)>0",
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED),
 		intval(PAGE_HIDDEN)
 	);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ function RedCollectionData($file, &$auth) {
 	$permission_error = false;
 
 	for ($x = 1; $x < count($path_arr); $x++) {
-		$r = q("SELECT id, hash, filename, flags FROM attach WHERE folder = '%s' AND filename = '%s' AND uid = %d AND (flags & %d) $perms LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT id, hash, filename, flags FROM attach WHERE folder = '%s' AND filename = '%s' AND uid = %d AND (flags & %d)>0 $perms LIMIT 1",
 			dbesc($folder),
 			dbesc($path_arr[$x]),
 			intval($channel_id),
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ function RedCollectionData($file, &$auth) {
 		if (! $r) {
 			// path wasn't found. Try without permissions to see if it was the result of permissions.
 			$errors = true;
-			$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d) limit 1",
+			$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 				dbesc($folder),
 				basename($path_arr[$x]),
 				intval($channel_id),
@@ -155,8 +155,14 @@ function RedCollectionData($file, &$auth) {
 		logger("Path mismatch: $path !== /$file");
 		return NULL;
 	}
-
-	$r = q("select id, uid, hash, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited from attach where folder = '%s' and uid = %d $perms group by filename",
+	if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) {
+		$prefix = 'DISTINCT ON (filename)';
+		$suffix = 'ORDER BY filename';
+	} else {
+		$prefix = '';
+		$suffix = 'GROUP BY filename';
+	}
+	$r = q("select $prefix id, uid, hash, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited from attach where folder = '%s' and uid = %d $perms $suffix",
 		dbesc($folder),
 		intval($channel_id)
 	);
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ function RedFileData($file, &$auth, $test = false) {
 	$errors = false;
 
 	for ($x = 1; $x < count($path_arr); $x++) {		
-		$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d) $perms",
+		$r = q("select id, hash, filename, flags from attach where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d and (flags & %d)>0 $perms",
 			dbesc($folder),
 			dbesc($path_arr[$x]),
 			intval($channel_id),
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@ function RedFileData($file, &$auth, $test = false) {
 		}
 		if (! $r) {
 			$r = q("select id, uid, hash, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited from attach 
-				where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d $perms group by filename limit 1",
+				where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d $perms order by filename limit 1",
 				dbesc($folder),
 				dbesc(basename($file)),
 				intval($channel_id)
@@ -253,7 +259,7 @@ function RedFileData($file, &$auth, $test = false) {
 		if (! $r) {
 			$errors = true;
 			$r = q("select id, uid, hash, filename, filetype, filesize, revision, folder, flags, created, edited from attach 
-				where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d group by filename limit 1",
+				where folder = '%s' and filename = '%s' and uid = %d order by filename limit 1",
 				dbesc($folder),
 				dbesc(basename($file)),
 				intval($channel_id)
diff --git a/include/security.php b/include/security.php
index e83cc7061..8066a76f6 100644
--- a/include/security.php
+++ b/include/security.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ function authenticate_success($user_record, $login_initial = false, $interactive
 		$_SESSION['authenticated'] = 1;
 		
 		if($login_initial || $update_lastlog) {
-			q("update account set account_lastlog = '%s' where account_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update account set account_lastlog = '%s' where account_id = %d",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				intval($_SESSION['account_id'])
 			);
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function authenticate_success($user_record, $login_initial = false, $interactive
 	/* This account has never created a channel. Send them to new_channel by default */
 
 	if($a->module === 'login') {
-		$r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d)",
+		$r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d)>0",
 			intval($a->account['account_id']),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function change_channel($change_channel) {
 	$ret = false;
 
 	if($change_channel) {
-		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel_id = %d and channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d) limit 1",
+		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel_id = %d and channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 			intval($change_channel),
 			intval(get_account_id()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ function change_channel($change_channel) {
 	if (is_developer()) {
 		if (! $r) {
 			if (is_site_admin()) {
-				$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel_id = %d and ( channel_pageflags & %d) and not (channel_pageflags & %d ) limit 1",
+				$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel_id = %d and ( channel_pageflags & %d) and not (channel_pageflags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 				intval($change_channel),
 				intval(PAGE_SYSTEM),
 				intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
@@ -174,9 +174,10 @@ function permissions_sql($owner_id,$remote_verified = false,$groups = null) {
 				foreach($groups as $g)
 					$gs .= '|<' . $g . '>';
 			} 
+			$regexop = db_getfunc('REGEXP');
 			$sql = sprintf(
-				" AND ( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid REGEXP '%s')
-				  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid REGEXP '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
+				" AND ( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid $regexop '%s')
+				  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid $regexop '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
 				  )
 				",
 				dbesc(protect_sprintf( '%<' . $observer . '>%')),
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ function item_permissions_sql($owner_id,$remote_verified = false,$groups = null)
 	 * default permissions - anonymous user
 	 */
 
-	$sql = " AND not item_private ";
+	$sql = " AND item_private=0 ";
 			
 
 	/**
@@ -235,10 +236,11 @@ function item_permissions_sql($owner_id,$remote_verified = false,$groups = null)
 			if(is_array($groups) && count($groups)) {
 				foreach($groups as $g)
 					$gs .= '|<' . $g . '>';
-			} 
+			}
+			$regexop = db_getfunc('REGEXP');
 			$sql = sprintf(
-				" AND ( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid REGEXP '%s')
-				  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid REGEXP '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
+				" AND ( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid $regexop '%s')
+				  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid $regexop '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
 				  )
 				",
 				dbesc(protect_sprintf( '%<' . $observer . '>%')),
@@ -264,9 +266,10 @@ function public_permissions_sql($observer_hash) {
 	} 
 	$sql = '';
 	if($observer_hash) {
+		$regexop = db_getfunc('REGEXP');
 		$sql = sprintf(
-			" OR (( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid REGEXP '%s')
-			  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid REGEXP '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
+			" OR (( NOT (deny_cid like '%s' OR deny_gid $regexop '%s')
+			  AND ( allow_cid like '%s' OR allow_gid $regexop '%s' OR ( allow_cid = '' AND allow_gid = '') )
 			  ))
 			",
 			dbesc(protect_sprintf( '%<' . $observer_hash . '>%')),
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ function stream_perms_api_uids($perms = NULL ) {
 	$ret = array();
 	if(local_user())
 		$ret[] = local_user();
-	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where channel_r_stream > 0 and (channel_r_stream & %d) and not (channel_pageflags & %d)",
+	$r = q("select channel_id from channel where channel_r_stream > 0 and (channel_r_stream & %d)>0 and not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0",
 		intval($perms),
 		intval(PAGE_CENSORED|PAGE_SYSTEM|PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ function stream_perms_xchans($perms = NULL ) {
 	if(local_user())
 		$ret[] = get_observer_hash();
 
-	$r = q("select channel_hash from channel where channel_r_stream > 0 and (channel_r_stream & %d) and not (channel_pageflags & %d)",
+	$r = q("select channel_hash from channel where channel_r_stream > 0 and (channel_r_stream & %d)>0 and not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0",
 		intval($perms),
 		intval(PAGE_CENSORED|PAGE_SYETEM|PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
diff --git a/include/session.php b/include/session.php
index b531688e2..282b99814 100644
--- a/include/session.php
+++ b/include/session.php
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ function ref_session_write ($id,$data) {
   if($session_exists)
     $r = q("UPDATE `session` 
             SET `data` = '%s', `expire` = '%s' 
-            WHERE `sid` = '%s' LIMIT 1", 
+            WHERE `sid` = '%s'", 
             dbesc($data), dbesc($expire), dbesc($id));
   else
-    $r = q("INSERT INTO `session`
-            SET `sid` = '%s', `expire` = '%s', `data` = '%s'",
+    $r = q("INSERT INTO `session` (sid, expire, data) values ('%s', '%s', '%s')",
+            //SET `sid` = '%s', `expire` = '%s', `data` = '%s'",
             dbesc($id), dbesc($default_expire), dbesc($data));
 
   return true;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ function ref_session_destroy ($id) {
 
 function ref_session_gc($expire) {
   q("DELETE FROM session WHERE expire < %d", dbesc(time()));
-  q("OPTIMIZE TABLE session");
+  db_optimizetable('session');
   return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/socgraph.php b/include/socgraph.php
index 504a6b2c0..740886b1c 100644
--- a/include/socgraph.php
+++ b/include/socgraph.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ function poco_load($xchan = '',$url = null) {
 					dbesc($xchan)
 				);
 				if($r) {
-					q("update xchat set xchat_edited = '%s' where xchat_id = %d limit 1",
+					q("update xchat set xchat_edited = '%s' where xchat_id = %d",
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($r[0]['xchat_id'])
 					);
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ function poco_load($xchan = '',$url = null) {
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		q("delete from xchat where xchat_edited < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 7 DAY and xchat_xchan = '%s' ",
+		q("delete from xchat where xchat_edited < %s - INTERVAL %s and xchat_xchan = '%s' ",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('7 DAY'),
 			dbesc($xchan)
 		);
 	}
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ function poco_load($xchan = '',$url = null) {
 			);
 		}
 		else {
-			q("update xlink set xlink_updated = '%s', xlink_rating = %d where xlink_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update xlink set xlink_updated = '%s', xlink_rating = %d where xlink_id = %d",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				intval($rating),
 				intval($r[0]['xlink_id'])
@@ -204,8 +205,9 @@ function poco_load($xchan = '',$url = null) {
 	}
 	logger("poco_load: loaded $total entries",LOGGER_DEBUG);
 
-	q("delete from xlink where xlink_xchan = '%s' and xlink_updated < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 2 DAY",
-		dbesc($xchan)
+	q("delete from xlink where xlink_xchan = '%s' and xlink_updated < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		dbesc($xchan),
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('2 DAY')
 	);
 }
 
@@ -227,18 +229,19 @@ function count_common_friends($uid,$xchan) {
 
 function common_friends($uid,$xchan,$start = 0,$limit=100000000,$shuffle = false) {
 
+	$rand = db_getfunc('rand');
 	if($shuffle)
-		$sql_extra = " order by rand() ";
+		$sql_extra = " order by $rand ";
 	else
 		$sql_extra = " order by xchan_name asc "; 
 
 	$r = q("SELECT * from xchan left join xlink on xlink_link = xchan_hash where xlink_xchan = '%s' and xlink_link in
-		(select abook_xchan from abook where abook_xchan != '%s' and abook_channel = %d and abook_flags = 0 ) $sql_extra limit %d, %d",
+		(select abook_xchan from abook where abook_xchan != '%s' and abook_channel = %d and abook_flags = 0 ) $sql_extra limit %d offset %d",
 		dbesc($xchan),
 		dbesc($xchan),
 		intval($uid),
-		intval($start),
-		intval($limit)
+		intval($limit),
+		intval($start)
 	);
 
 	return $r;
@@ -273,11 +276,11 @@ function common_friends_zcid($uid,$zcid,$start = 0, $limit = 9999,$shuffle = fal
 		FROM `glink` left join `gcontact` on `glink`.`gcid` = `gcontact`.`id`
 		where `glink`.`zcid` = %d
 		and `gcontact`.`nurl` in (select nurl from contact where uid = %d and self = 0 and blocked = 0 and hidden = 0 ) 
-		$sql_extra limit %d, %d",
+		$sql_extra limit %d offset %d",
 		intval($zcid),
 		intval($uid),
-		intval($start),
-		intval($limit)
+		intval($limit),
+		intval($start)
 	);
 
 	return $r;
@@ -306,11 +309,11 @@ function all_friends($uid,$cid,$start = 0, $limit = 80) {
 	$r = q("SELECT `gcontact`.* 
 		FROM `glink` left join `gcontact` on `glink`.`gcid` = `gcontact`.`id`
 		where `glink`.`cid` = %d and `glink`.`uid` = %d 
-		order by `gcontact`.`name` asc LIMIT %d, %d ",
+		order by `gcontact`.`name` asc LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ",
 		intval($cid),
 		intval($uid),
-		intval($start),
-		intval($limit)
+		intval($limit),
+		intval($start)
 	);
 
 	return $r;
@@ -329,16 +332,16 @@ function suggestion_query($uid, $myxchan, $start = 0, $limit = 80) {
 		and not xlink_link in ( select abook_xchan from abook where abook_channel = %d )
 		and not xlink_link in ( select xchan from xign where uid = %d )
 		and xlink_xchan != ''
-		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )
-		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )
-		group by xchan_hash order by total desc limit %d, %d ",
+		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0
+		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0
+		group by xchan_hash order by total desc limit %d offset %d ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($uid),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_HIDDEN),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED),
-		intval($start),
-		intval($limit)
+		intval($limit),
+		intval($start)
 	);
 
 	if($r && count($r) >= ($limit -1))
@@ -349,15 +352,15 @@ function suggestion_query($uid, $myxchan, $start = 0, $limit = 80) {
 		where xlink_xchan = ''
 		and not xlink_link in ( select abook_xchan from abook where abook_channel = %d )
 		and not xlink_link in ( select xchan from xign where uid = %d )
-		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )
-		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )
-		group by xchan_hash order by total desc limit %d, %d ",
+		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0
+		and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0
+		group by xchan_hash order by total desc limit %d offset %d ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($uid),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_HIDDEN),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED),
-		intval($start),
-		intval($limit)
+		intval($limit),
+		intval($start)
 	);
 
 	if(is_array($r) && is_array($r2))
@@ -394,7 +397,9 @@ function update_suggestions() {
 		// the targets may have changed their preferences and don't want to be suggested - and they 
 		// may have simply gone away. 
 
-		$r = q("delete from xlink where xlink_xchan = '' and xlink_updated < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 7 DAY");
+		$r = q("delete from xlink where xlink_xchan = '' and xlink_updated < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('7 DAY')
+		);
 
 
 		$j = json_decode($ret['body'],true);
diff --git a/include/statistics_fns.php b/include/statistics_fns.php
index 4f72e6615..288925a2c 100644
--- a/include/statistics_fns.php
+++ b/include/statistics_fns.php
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ function update_channels_total_stat() {
 
 function update_channels_active_halfyear_stat() {
 	$r = q("select channel_id from channel left join account on account_id = channel_account_id
-			where account_flags = 0 and account_lastlog > UTC_TIMESTAMP - INTERVAL 6 MONTH");
+			where account_flags = 0 and account_lastlog > %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('6 MONTH')
+	);
 	if($r) {
 		$s = '';
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
@@ -21,8 +23,9 @@ function update_channels_active_halfyear_stat() {
 				$s .= ',';
 			$s .= intval($rr['channel_id']);
 		}
-		$x = q("select uid from item where uid in ( $s ) and (item_flags & %d) and created > UTC_TIMESTAMP - INTERVAL 6 MONTH group by uid",
-			intval(ITEM_WALL)
+		$x = q("select uid from item where uid in ( $s ) and (item_flags & %d)>0 and created > %s - INTERVAL %s group by uid",
+			intval(ITEM_WALL),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('6 MONTH')
 		);
 		if($x) {
 			$channels_active_halfyear_stat = count($x);
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ function update_channels_active_halfyear_stat() {
 
 function update_channels_active_monthly_stat() {
 	$r = q("select channel_id from channel left join account on account_id = channel_account_id
-			where account_flags = 0 and account_lastlog > UTC_TIMESTAMP - INTERVAL 1 MONTH");
+			where account_flags = 0 and account_lastlog > %s - INTERVAL %s",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 MONTH')
+	);
 	if($r) {
 		$s = '';
 		foreach($r as $rr) {
@@ -45,8 +50,9 @@ function update_channels_active_monthly_stat() {
 				$s .= ',';
 			$s .= intval($rr['channel_id']);
 		}
-		$x = q("select uid from item where uid in ( $s ) and ( item_flags & %d ) and created > UTC_TIMESTAMP - INTERVAL 1 MONTH group by uid",
-			intval(ITEM_WALL)
+		$x = q("select uid from item where uid in ( $s ) and ( item_flags & %d )>0 and created > %s - INTERVAL %s group by uid",
+			intval(ITEM_WALL),
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 MONTH')
 		);
 		if($x) {
 			$channels_active_monthly_stat = count($x);
@@ -60,7 +66,7 @@ function update_channels_active_monthly_stat() {
 }
 
 function update_local_posts_stat() {
-	$posts = q("SELECT COUNT(*) AS local_posts FROM `item` WHERE (item_flags & %d) ",
+	$posts = q("SELECT COUNT(*) AS local_posts FROM `item` WHERE (item_flags & %d)>0 ",
 			intval(ITEM_WALL) );
 	if (is_array($posts)) {
 		$local_posts_stat = intval($posts[0]["local_posts"]);
diff --git a/include/text.php b/include/text.php
index fca23ca22..437bb8b5f 100644
--- a/include/text.php
+++ b/include/text.php
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ function contact_block() {
 
 	if((! is_array($a->profile)) || ($a->profile['hide_friends']))
 		return $o;
-	$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash WHERE abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d ) and not (xchan_flags & %d)",
+	$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash WHERE abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d)>0",
 			intval($a->profile['uid']),
 			intval($abook_flags),
 			intval($xchan_flags)
@@ -737,8 +737,12 @@ function contact_block() {
 		$micropro = Null;
 		
 	} else {
-
-		$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d) and not (xchan_flags & %d ) ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT %d",
+		if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) {
+			$randfunc = 'RANDOM()';
+		} else {
+			$randfunc = 'RAND()';
+		}
+		$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d)>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 ORDER BY $randfunc LIMIT %d",
 				intval($a->profile['uid']),
 				intval($abook_flags|ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED),
 				intval($xchan_flags),
@@ -1534,7 +1538,7 @@ function unamp($s) {
 }
 
 function layout_select($channel_id, $current = '') {
-	$r = q("select mid,sid from item left join item_id on iid = item.id where service = 'PDL' and item.uid = item_id.uid and item_id.uid = %d and (item_restrict & %d)",
+	$r = q("select mid,sid from item left join item_id on iid = item.id where service = 'PDL' and item.uid = item_id.uid and item_id.uid = %d and (item_restrict & %d)>0",
 		intval($channel_id),
 		intval(ITEM_PDL)
 	);
@@ -1874,13 +1878,13 @@ function xchan_query(&$items,$abook = true,$effective_uid = 0) {
 	if(count($arr)) {
 		if($abook) {
 			$chans = q("select * from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash left join abook on abook_xchan = xchan_hash and abook_channel = %d
-				where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )",
+				where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )>0",
 				intval($item['uid'])
 			);
 		}
 		else {
 			$chans = q("select xchan.*,hubloc.* from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash
-				where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )");
+				where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )>0");
 		}
 		$xchans = q("select * from xchan where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',',$arr) . ") and xchan_network in ('rss','unknown')");
 		if(! $chans)
@@ -1909,7 +1913,7 @@ function xchan_mail_query(&$item) {
 
 	if(count($arr)) {
 		$chans = q("select xchan.*,hubloc.* from xchan left join hubloc on hubloc_hash = xchan_hash
-			where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )");
+			where xchan_hash in (" . implode(',', $arr) . ") and ( hubloc_flags & " . intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) . " )>0");
 	}
 	if($chans) {
 		$item['from'] = find_xchan_in_array($item['from_xchan'],$chans);
diff --git a/include/widgets.php b/include/widgets.php
index 2e406aa77..cd0832846 100644
--- a/include/widgets.php
+++ b/include/widgets.php
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ function widget_follow($args) {
 		return '';
 	$a = get_app();
 	$uid =$a->channel['channel_id'];
-	$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) ",
+	$r = q("select count(*) as total from abook where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ function widget_savedsearch($arr) {
 	}
 
 	if(x($_GET,'searchremove') && $search) {
-		q("delete from `term` where `uid` = %d and `type` = %d and `term` = '%s' limit 1",
+		q("delete from `term` where `uid` = %d and `type` = %d and `term` = '%s'",
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(TERM_SAVEDSEARCH),
 			dbesc($search)
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ function widget_settings_menu($arr) {
 
 	$role = get_pconfig(local_user(),'system','permissions_role');
 
-	$abk = q("select abook_id from abook where abook_channel = %d and ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+	$abk = q("select abook_id from abook where abook_channel = %d and ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 	);
diff --git a/include/zot.php b/include/zot.php
index 24ace9cbb..643aada58 100644
--- a/include/zot.php
+++ b/include/zot.php
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ function zot_get_hublocs($hash) {
 
 	/** Only search for active hublocs - e.g. those that haven't been marked deleted */
 
-	$ret = q("select * from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not ( hubloc_flags & %d ) group by hubloc_url ",
+	$ret = q("select * from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and not ( hubloc_flags & %d )>0 order by hubloc_url ",
 		dbesc($hash),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED)
 	);
@@ -194,14 +194,15 @@ function zot_finger($webbie,$channel,$autofallback = true) {
 		logger('zot_finger: no address :' . $webbie);
 		return array('success' => false);
 	}		
-
+	logger('using xchan_addr: ' . $xchan_addr, LOGGER_DATA);
+	
 	// potential issue here; the xchan_addr points to the primary hub.
 	// The webbie we were called with may not, so it might not be found
 	// unless we query for hubloc_addr instead of xchan_addr
 
 	$r = q("select xchan.*, hubloc.* from xchan 
 			left join hubloc on xchan_hash = hubloc_hash
-			where xchan_addr = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d) limit 1",
+			where xchan_addr = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 		dbesc($xchan_addr),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)
 	);
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ function zot_finger($webbie,$channel,$autofallback = true) {
 
 		if($r[0]['hubloc_network'] && $r[0]['hubloc_network'] !== 'zot') {
 			logger('zot_finger: alternate network: ' . $webbie);
+			logger('url: '.$url.', net: '.var_export($r[0]['hubloc_network'],true), LOGGER_DATA);
 			return array('success' => false);
 		}		
 	}
@@ -299,7 +301,7 @@ function zot_refresh($them,$channel = null, $force = false) {
 	if($them['hubloc_url'])
 		$url = $them['hubloc_url'];
 	else {
-		$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and ( hubloc_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+		$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '%s' and ( hubloc_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc($them['xchan_hash']),
 			intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)
 		);
@@ -381,7 +383,7 @@ function zot_refresh($them,$channel = null, $force = false) {
 				}
 			}
 
-			$r = q("select * from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+			$r = q("select * from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 				dbesc($x['hash']),
 				intval($channel['channel_id']),
 				intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
@@ -407,7 +409,7 @@ function zot_refresh($them,$channel = null, $force = false) {
 		
 				$y = q("update abook set abook_their_perms = %d, abook_dob = '%s'
 					where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d 
-					and not (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+					and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 ",
 					intval($their_perms),
 					dbesc($next_birthday),
 					dbesc($x['hash']),
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ function zot_refresh($them,$channel = null, $force = false) {
 			else {
 				$default_perms = 0;
 				// look for default permissions to apply in return - e.g. auto-friend
-				$z = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+				$z = q("select * from abook where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 					intval($channel['channel_id']),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
 				);
@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@ function zot_refresh($them,$channel = null, $force = false) {
 					$new_perms = get_all_perms($channel['channel_id'],$x['hash']);
 					if($new_perms != $previous_perms) {
 						// Send back a permissions update if permissions have changed
-						$z = q("select * from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+						$z = q("select * from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 							dbesc($x['hash']),
 							intval($channel['channel_id']),
 							intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
@@ -730,7 +732,7 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 			|| ($r[0]['xchan_url'] != $arr['url'])) {
 			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_name = '%s', xchan_name_date = '%s', xchan_connurl = '%s', xchan_follow = '%s', 
 				xchan_connpage = '%s', xchan_flags = %d,
-				xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				xchan_addr = '%s', xchan_url = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc(($arr['name']) ? $arr['name'] : '-'),
 				dbesc($arr['name_updated']),
 				dbesc($arr['connections_url']),
@@ -783,8 +785,8 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 			dbesc($arr['connect_url']),
 			dbesc(($arr['name']) ? $arr['name'] : '-'),
 			dbesc('zot'),
-			dbesc($arr['photo_updated']),
-			dbesc($arr['name_updated']),
+			dbescdate($arr['photo_updated']),
+			dbescdate($arr['name_updated']),
 			intval($new_flags)
 		);
 
@@ -825,7 +827,7 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 				// importing the photo failed somehow. Leave the photo_date alone so we can try again at a later date.
 				// This often happens when somebody joins the matrix with a bad cert. 
 				$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s'
-					where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 					dbesc($photos[0]),
 					dbesc($photos[1]),
 					dbesc($photos[2]),
@@ -835,8 +837,8 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 			}
 			else {
 				$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s'
-					where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
-					dbesc(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
+					where xchan_hash = '%s'",
+					dbescdate(datetime_convert('UTC','UTC',$arr['photo_updated'])),
 					dbesc($photos[0]),
 					dbesc($photos[1]),
 					dbesc($photos[2]),
@@ -896,10 +898,10 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 		else {
 			logger('import_xchan: profile not available - hiding');
 			// they may have made it private
-			$r = q("delete from xprof where xprof_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xprof where xprof_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($xchan_hash)
 			);
-			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($xchan_hash)
 			);
 		}
@@ -921,7 +923,7 @@ function import_xchan($arr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED, $ud_arr = null) {
 	}
 	elseif(! $ud_flags) {
 		// nothing changed but we still need to update the updates record
-		q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not (ud_flags & %d) ",
+		q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not (ud_flags & %d)>0 ",
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED),
 			dbesc($address),
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED)
@@ -971,14 +973,14 @@ function zot_process_response($hub,$arr,$outq) {
 	// async messages remain in the queue until processed.
 
 	if(intval($outq['outq_async'])) {
-		$r = q("update outq set outq_delivered = 1, outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' and outq_channel = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update outq set outq_delivered = 1, outq_updated = '%s' where outq_hash = '%s' and outq_channel = %d",
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			dbesc($outq['outq_hash']),
 			intval($outq['outq_channel'])
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' and outq_channel = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' and outq_channel = %d",
 			dbesc($outq['outq_hash']),
 			intval($outq['outq_channel'])
 		);
@@ -1094,7 +1096,7 @@ function zot_import($arr, $sender_url) {
 				}
 				stringify_array_elms($recip_arr);
 				$recips = implode(',',$recip_arr);
-				$r = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel where channel_hash in ( " . $recips . " ) and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) ",
+				$r = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel where channel_hash in ( " . $recips . " ) and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 ",
 					intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 				);
 				if(! $r) {
@@ -1276,9 +1278,9 @@ function public_recips($msg) {
 
 	
 	if($msg['notify']['sender']['url'] === z_root())
-		$sql = " where (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_NETWORK . " )  or ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_SITE . " ) or ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_PUBLIC . ")) ";				
+		$sql = " where (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_NETWORK . " )>0  or ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_SITE . " )>0 or ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_PUBLIC . ")>0) ";				
 	else
-		$sql = " where (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_NETWORK . " )  or ( "  . $col . " & " . PERMS_PUBLIC . ")) ";
+		$sql = " where (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_NETWORK . " )>0  or ( "  . $col . " & " . PERMS_PUBLIC . ")>0) ";
 
 
 	$r = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel $sql or channel_hash = '%s' ",
@@ -1288,7 +1290,7 @@ function public_recips($msg) {
 	if(! $r)
 		$r = array();
 
-	$x = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel left join abook on abook_channel = channel_id where abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & " . PAGE_REMOVED . " ) and (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_SPECIFIC . " )  and ( abook_my_perms & " . $field . " )) OR ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_PENDING . " ) OR (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_CONTACTS . " ) and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING . " )) ",
+	$x = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel left join abook on abook_channel = channel_id where abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & " . PAGE_REMOVED . " )>0 and (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_SPECIFIC . " )>0  and ( abook_my_perms & " . $field . " )>0) OR ( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_PENDING . " )>0 OR (( " . $col . " & " . PERMS_CONTACTS . " )>0 and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING . " )>0) ",
 		dbesc($msg['notify']['sender']['hash'])
 	); 
 
@@ -1364,7 +1366,7 @@ function allowed_public_recips($msg) {
 			$condensed_recips[] = $rr['hash'];
 
 		$results = array();
-		$r = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel left join abook on abook_channel = channel_id where abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) ",
+		$r = q("select channel_hash as hash from channel left join abook on abook_channel = channel_id where abook_xchan = '%s' and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 ",
 			dbesc($hash),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -1599,7 +1601,7 @@ function remove_community_tag($sender,$arr,$uid) {
 		return;
 	}
 	
-	$x = q("delete from term where uid = %d and oid = %d and otype = %d and type = %d and term = '%s' and url = '%s' limit 1",
+	$x = q("delete from term where uid = %d and oid = %d and otype = %d and type = %d and term = '%s' and url = '%s'",
 		intval($uid),
 		intval($r[0]['id']),
 		intval(TERM_OBJ_POST),
@@ -1693,7 +1695,7 @@ function process_mail_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 		);
 		if($r) {
 			if($arr['mail_flags'] & MAIL_RECALLED) {
-				$x = q("delete from mail where id = %d and channel_id = %d limit 1",
+				$x = q("delete from mail where id = %d and channel_id = %d",
 					intval($r[0]['id']),
 					intval($channel['channel_id'])
 				);
@@ -1819,7 +1821,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 				// This only happens when called from import_xchan
 
 				if(array_key_exists('site',$arr) && $location['url'] == $arr['site']['url']) {
-					q("update hubloc set hubloc_connected = '%s', hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+					q("update hubloc set hubloc_connected = '%s', hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d",
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($r[0]['hubloc_id'])
@@ -1831,17 +1833,17 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 				// the directory server if the site is alive.
 
 				if($r[0]['hubloc_status'] & HUBLOC_OFFLINE) {
-					q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status ^ %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+					q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status & ~%d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 						intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE),
 						intval($r[0]['hubloc_id'])
 					);
 					if($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK) {
-						q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+						q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 							intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK),
 							intval($r[0]['hubloc_id'])
 						);
 					}
-					q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags ^ %d) where (xchan_flags & %d) and xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags & ~%d) where (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and xchan_hash = '%s'",
 						intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 						intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 						dbesc($sender['hash'])
@@ -1851,7 +1853,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 				// Remove pure duplicates
 				if(count($r) > 1) {
 					for($h = 1; $h < count($r); $h ++) {
-						q("delete from hubloc where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+						q("delete from hubloc where hubloc_id = %d",
 							intval($r[$h]['hubloc_id'])
 						);
 						$what .= 'duplicate_hubloc_removed ';
@@ -1861,7 +1863,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 
 				if((($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY) && (! $location['primary']))
 					|| ((! ($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)) && ($location['primary']))) {
-					$m = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+					$m = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d",
 						intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($r[0]['hubloc_id'])
@@ -1882,7 +1884,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 				}
 				if((($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED) && (! $location['deleted']))
 					|| ((! ($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED)) && ($location['deleted']))) {
-					$n = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+					$n = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d",
 						intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($r[0]['hubloc_id'])
@@ -1897,7 +1899,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 			// New hub claiming to be primary. Make it so by removing any existing primaries.
 
 			if(intval($location['primary'])) {
-				$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_hash = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d )",
+				$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_hash = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d )>0",
 					intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 					dbesc($sender['hash']),
@@ -1940,7 +1942,7 @@ function sync_locations($sender,$arr,$absolute = false) {
 			foreach($xisting as $x) {
 				if(! array_key_exists('updated',$x)) {
 					logger('sync_locations: deleting unreferenced hub location ' . $x['hubloc_url']);
-					$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+					$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d), hubloc_updated = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d",
 						intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
 						dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 						intval($x['hubloc_id'])
@@ -2034,7 +2036,7 @@ function import_directory_profile($hash,$profile,$addr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_
 
 
 	if(in_arrayi('nsfw',$clean) || in_arrayi('adult',$clean)) {
-		q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags | %d) where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+		q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags | %d) where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_SELFCENSORED),
 			dbesc($hash)
 		);
@@ -2069,7 +2071,7 @@ function import_directory_profile($hash,$profile,$addr,$ud_flags = UPDATE_FLAGS_
 				xprof_homepage = '%s',
 				xprof_hometown = '%s',
 				xprof_keywords = '%s'
-				where xprof_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				where xprof_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($arr['xprof_desc']),
 				dbesc($arr['xprof_dob']),
 				intval($arr['xprof_age']),
@@ -2139,7 +2141,7 @@ function import_directory_keywords($hash,$keywords) {
 
 	foreach($existing as $x) {
 		if(! in_array($x,$clean))
-			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s' and xtag_term = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from xtag where xtag_hash = '%s' and xtag_term = '%s'",
 				dbesc($hash),
 				dbesc($x)
 			);
@@ -2171,7 +2173,7 @@ function update_modtime($hash,$guid,$addr,$flags = 0) {
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not (ud_flags & %d) ",
+		q("update updates set ud_flags = ( ud_flags | %d ) where ud_addr = '%s' and not (ud_flags & %d)>0 ",
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED),
 			dbesc($addr),
 			intval(UPDATE_FLAGS_UPDATED)
@@ -2262,7 +2264,7 @@ function import_site($arr,$pubkey) {
 //			logger('import_site: stored: ' . print_r($siterecord,true));
 
 			$r = q("update site set site_location = '%s', site_flags = %d, site_access = %d, site_directory = '%s', site_register = %d, site_update = '%s', site_sellpage = '%s', site_realm = '%s'
-				where site_url = '%s' limit 1",
+				where site_url = '%s'",
 				dbesc($site_location),
 				intval($site_directory),
 				intval($access_policy),
@@ -2478,7 +2480,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 			if(count($clean)) {
 				foreach($clean as $k => $v) {
 					$r = dbq("UPDATE channel set " . dbesc($k) . " = '" . dbesc($v) 
-						. "' where channel_id = " . intval($channel['channel_id']) . " limit 1");
+						. "' where channel_id = " . intval($channel['channel_id']) );
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -2509,7 +2511,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 					logger('process_channel_sync_delivery: removing abook entry for ' . $abook['abook_xchan']);
 					require_once('include/Contact.php');
 					
-					$r = q("select abook_id, abook_flags from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+					$r = q("select abook_id, abook_flags from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 						dbesc($abook['abook_xchan']),
 						intval($channel['channel_id']),
 						intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
@@ -2587,8 +2589,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 				if(count($clean)) {
 					foreach($clean as $k => $v) {
 						$r = dbq("UPDATE abook set " . dbesc($k) . " = '" . dbesc($v) 
-						. "' where abook_xchan = '" . dbesc($clean['abook_xchan']) . "' and abook_channel = " . intval($channel['channel_id']) 
-						. " limit 1");
+						. "' where abook_xchan = '" . dbesc($clean['abook_xchan']) . "' and abook_channel = " . intval($channel['channel_id']));
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2613,7 +2614,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 						if(($y['name'] != $cl['name']) 
 							|| ($y['visible'] != $cl['visible']) 
 							|| ($y['deleted'] != $cl['deleted'])) {
-							q("update groups set name = '%s', visible = %d, deleted = %d where hash = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+							q("update groups set name = '%s', visible = %d, deleted = %d where hash = '%s' and uid = %d",
 								dbesc($cl['name']),
 								intval($cl['visible']),
 								intval($cl['deleted']),
@@ -2656,7 +2657,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 							q("delete from group_member where gid = %d",
 								intval($y['id'])
 							);  
-							q("update groups set deleted = 1 where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+							q("update groups set deleted = 1 where id = %d and uid = %d",
 								intval($y['id']),
 								intval($channel['channel_id'])
 							);
@@ -2719,7 +2720,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 							foreach($m as $mm) {
 								// if the local existing member isn't in the list we just received - remove them
 								if(! in_array($mm['xchan'],$members[$y['hash']])) {
-									q("delete from group_member where xchan = '%s' and gid = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+									q("delete from group_member where xchan = '%s' and gid = %d and uid = %d",
 										dbesc($mm['xchan']),
 										intval($y['id']),
 										intval($channel['channel_id'])
@@ -2765,8 +2766,7 @@ function process_channel_sync_delivery($sender,$arr,$deliveries) {
 				if(count($clean)) {
 					foreach($clean as $k => $v) {
 						$r = dbq("UPDATE profile set " . dbesc($k) . " = '" . dbesc($v) 
-						. "' where profile_guid = '" . dbesc($profile['profile_guid']) . "' and uid = " . intval($channel['channel_id']) 
-						. " limit 1");
+						. "' where profile_guid = '" . dbesc($profile['profile_guid']) . "' and uid = " . intval($channel['channel_id']));
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -2791,7 +2791,7 @@ function get_rpost_path($observer) {
 
 function import_author_zot($x) {
 	$hash = make_xchan_hash($x['guid'],$x['guid_sig']);
-	$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_guid = '%s' and hubloc_guid_sig = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d) limit 1",
+	$r = q("select hubloc_url from hubloc where hubloc_guid = '%s' and hubloc_guid_sig = '%s' and (hubloc_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 		dbesc($x['guid']),
 		dbesc($x['guid_sig']),
 		intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY)
@@ -2840,8 +2840,8 @@ function zot_process_message_request($data) {
 		$env_recips = null;
 
 		$r = q("select hubloc_guid, hubloc_url, hubloc_sitekey, hubloc_network, hubloc_flags, hubloc_callback, hubloc_host 
-			from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '" . dbesc($sender_hash) . "' and not (hubloc_flags & %d)
-			and not (hubloc_status & %d) group by hubloc_sitekey",
+			from hubloc where hubloc_hash = '" . dbesc($sender_hash) . "' and not (hubloc_flags & %d)>0
+			and not (hubloc_status & %d)>0 group by hubloc_sitekey",
             intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
             intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE)
         );
diff --git a/index.php b/index.php
index ae8a2e17d..8fca9d2c9 100755
--- a/index.php
+++ b/index.php
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ date_default_timezone_set($a->timezone);
 require_once("include/dba/dba_driver.php");
 
 if(! $a->install) {
-	$db = dba_factory($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data, $a->install);
-    	    unset($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data);
+	$db = dba_factory($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data, $db_type, $a->install);
+    	    unset($db_host, $db_port, $db_user, $db_pass, $db_data, $db_type);
 
 	/**
 	 * Load configs from db. Overwrite configs from .htconfig.php
diff --git a/install/database.sql b/install/schema_mysql.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from install/database.sql
rename to install/schema_mysql.sql
diff --git a/install/schema_postgres.sql b/install/schema_postgres.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85eb802d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/install/schema_postgres.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,1190 @@
+CREATE TABLE "abook" (
+  "abook_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "abook_account" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "abook_channel" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "abook_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "abook_my_perms" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "abook_their_perms" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "abook_closeness" numeric(3)  NOT NULL DEFAULT '99',
+  "abook_rating" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "abook_created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "abook_updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "abook_connected" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "abook_dob" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "abook_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "abook_profile" char(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("abook_id")
+);
+  create index  "abook_account" on abook ("abook_account");
+  create index  "abook_channel" on abook  ("abook_channel");
+  create index  "abook_xchan"  on abook ("abook_xchan");
+  create index  "abook_my_perms" on abook  ("abook_my_perms");
+  create index  "abook_their_perms" on abook  ("abook_their_perms");
+  create index  "abook_closeness" on abook  ("abook_closeness");
+  create index  "abook_created"  on abook ("abook_created");
+  create index  "abook_updated"  on abook ("abook_updated");
+  create index  "abook_flags"  on abook ("abook_flags");
+  create index  "abook_profile" on abook  ("abook_profile");
+  create index  "abook_dob" on abook  ("abook_dob");
+  create index  "abook_connected" on abook  ("abook_connected");
+  create index  "abook_rating" on abook  ("abook_rating");
+
+CREATE TABLE "account" (
+  "account_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "account_parent" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "account_default_channel" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "account_salt" char(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_password" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_email" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_external" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_language" varchar(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'en',
+  "account_created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "account_lastlog" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "account_flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "account_roles" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "account_reset" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_expires" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "account_expire_notified" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "account_service_class" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_level" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "account_password_changed" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("account_id")
+);
+create index "account_email" on account ("account_email");
+create index "account_service_class" on account ("account_service_class");
+create index "account_parent" on account ("account_parent");
+create index "account_flags"  on account ("account_flags");
+create index "account_roles"  on account ("account_roles");
+create index "account_lastlog"  on account ("account_lastlog");
+create index "account_expires"  on account ("account_expires");
+create index "account_default_channel"  on account ("account_default_channel");
+create index "account_external"  on account ("account_external");
+create index "account_level"  on account ("account_level");
+create index "account_password_changed"  on account ("account_password_changed");
+CREATE TABLE "addon" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "version" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "installed" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hidden" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "timestamp" numeric(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "plugin_admin" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "addon_hidden_idx" on addon ("hidden");
+create index "addon_name_idx" on addon ("name");
+create index "addon_installed_idx" on addon ("installed");
+CREATE TABLE "app" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "app_id" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_sig" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_author" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_desc" text NOT NULL,
+  "app_url" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_photo" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_version" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_channel" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "app_addr" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_price" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_page" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "app_requires" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "app_id" on app ("app_id");
+create index "app_name" on app ("app_name");
+create index "app_url" on app ("app_url");
+create index "app_photo" on app ("app_photo");
+create index "app_version" on app ("app_version");
+create index "app_channel" on app ("app_channel");
+create index "app_price" on app ("app_price");
+CREATE TABLE "attach" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hash" varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "creator" varchar(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "filename" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "filetype" varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "filesize" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "revision" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "folder" varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "data" bytea NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "edited" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+
+);
+create index "attach_aid_idx" on attach ("aid");
+create index "attach_uid_idx" on attach ("uid");
+create index "attach_hash_idx" on attach ("hash");
+create index "attach_filename_idx" on attach ("filename");
+create index "attach_filetype_idx" on attach ("filetype");
+create index "attach_filesize_idx" on attach ("filesize");
+create index "attach_created_idx" on attach ("created");
+create index "attach_edited_idx" on attach ("edited");
+create index "attach_revision_idx" on attach ("revision");
+create index "attach_folder_idx" on attach ("folder");
+create index "attach_flags_idx" on attach ("flags");
+create index "attach_creator_idx" on attach ("creator");
+CREATE TABLE "auth_codes" (
+  "id" varchar(40) NOT NULL,
+  "client_id" varchar(20) NOT NULL,
+  "redirect_uri" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
+  "expires" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "scope" varchar(250) NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "cache" (
+  "k" text NOT NULL,
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  "updated" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("k")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "channel" (
+  "channel_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "channel_account_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_primary" numeric(1)  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_address" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_guid" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_guid_sig" text NOT NULL,
+  "channel_hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_timezone" varchar(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'UTC',
+  "channel_location" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_theme" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_startpage" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_pubkey" text NOT NULL,
+  "channel_prvkey" text NOT NULL,
+  "channel_notifyflags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '65535',
+  "channel_pageflags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_dirdate" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "channel_deleted" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "channel_max_anon_mail" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '10',
+  "channel_max_friend_req" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '10',
+  "channel_expire_days" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_passwd_reset" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_default_group" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channel_allow_cid" text ,
+  "channel_allow_gid" text ,
+  "channel_deny_cid" text ,
+  "channel_deny_gid" text ,
+  "channel_r_stream" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_r_profile" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_r_photos" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_r_abook" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_stream" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_wall" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_tagwall" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_comment" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_mail" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_photos" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_chat" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_a_delegate" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_r_storage" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_storage" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_r_pages" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_pages" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_a_republish" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  "channel_w_like" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '128',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("channel_id"),
+  UNIQUE ("channel_address")
+);
+create index "channel_account_id" on channel ("channel_account_id");
+create index "channel_primary" on channel ("channel_primary");
+create index "channel_name" on channel ("channel_name");
+create index "channel_timezone" on channel ("channel_timezone");
+create index "channel_location" on channel ("channel_location");
+create index "channel_theme" on channel ("channel_theme");
+create index "channel_notifyflags" on channel ("channel_notifyflags");
+create index "channel_pageflags" on channel ("channel_pageflags");
+create index "channel_max_anon_mail" on channel ("channel_max_anon_mail");
+create index "channel_max_friend_req" on channel ("channel_max_friend_req");
+create index "channel_default_gid" on channel ("channel_default_group");
+create index "channel_r_stream" on channel ("channel_r_stream");
+create index "channel_r_profile" on channel ("channel_r_profile");
+create index "channel_r_photos" on channel ("channel_r_photos");
+create index "channel_r_abook" on channel ("channel_r_abook");
+create index "channel_w_stream" on channel ("channel_w_stream");
+create index "channel_w_wall" on channel ("channel_w_wall");
+create index "channel_w_tagwall" on channel ("channel_w_tagwall");
+create index "channel_w_comment" on channel ("channel_w_comment");
+create index "channel_w_mail" on channel ("channel_w_mail");
+create index "channel_w_photos" on channel ("channel_w_photos");
+create index "channel_w_chat" on channel ("channel_w_chat");
+create index "channel_guid" on channel ("channel_guid");
+create index "channel_hash" on channel ("channel_hash");
+create index "channel_expire_days" on channel ("channel_expire_days");
+create index "channel_a_delegate" on channel ("channel_a_delegate");
+create index "channel_r_storage" on channel ("channel_r_storage");
+create index "channel_w_storage" on channel ("channel_w_storage");
+create index "channel_r_pages" on channel ("channel_r_pages");
+create index "channel_w_pages" on channel ("channel_w_pages");
+create index "channel_deleted" on channel ("channel_deleted");
+create index "channel_a_republish" on channel ("channel_a_republish");
+create index "channel_w_like" on channel ("channel_w_like");
+create index "channel_dirdate" on channel ("channel_dirdate");
+CREATE TABLE "chat" (
+  "chat_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "chat_room" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "chat_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "chat_text" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("chat_id")
+);
+create index "chat_room_idx" on chat ("chat_room");
+create index "chat_xchan_idx" on chat ("chat_xchan");
+create index "chat_created_idx" on chat ("created");
+CREATE TABLE "chatpresence" (
+  "cp_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "cp_room" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "cp_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "cp_last" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "cp_status" text NOT NULL,
+  "cp_client" char(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("cp_id")
+);
+create index "cp_room" on chatpresence ("cp_room");
+create index "cp_xchan" on chatpresence  ("cp_xchan");
+create index "cp_last" on chatpresence ("cp_last");
+create index "cp_status" on chatpresence ("cp_status");
+
+CREATE TABLE "chatroom" (
+  "cr_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "cr_aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "cr_uid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "cr_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "cr_created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "cr_edited" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "cr_expire" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("cr_id")
+);
+create index "cr_aid" on chatroom ("cr_aid");
+create index "cr_uid" on chatroom ("cr_uid");
+create index "cr_name" on chatroom ("cr_name");
+create index "cr_created" on chatroom ("cr_created");
+create index "cr_edited" on chatroom ("cr_edited");
+create index "cr_expire" on chatroom ("cr_expire");
+CREATE TABLE "clients" (
+  "client_id" varchar(20) NOT NULL,
+  "pw" varchar(20) NOT NULL,
+  "redirect_uri" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
+  "name" text,
+  "icon" text,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("client_id")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "config" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "cat" text  NOT NULL,
+  "k" text  NOT NULL,
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
+  UNIQUE ("cat","k")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "conv" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "guid" text NOT NULL,
+  "recips" text NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "creator" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "subject" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "conv_created_idx" on conv ("created");
+create index "conv_updated_idx" on conv ("updated");
+
+CREATE TABLE "event" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "event_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "event_hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "edited" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "start" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "finish" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "summary" text NOT NULL,
+  "description" text NOT NULL,
+  "location" text NOT NULL,
+  "type" text NOT NULL,
+  "nofinish" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "adjust" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
+  "ignore" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "event_uid_idx" on event ("uid");
+create index "event_type_idx" on event ("type");
+create index "event_start_idx" on event ("start");
+create index "event_finish_idx" on event ("finish");
+create index "event_adjust_idx" on event ("adjust");
+create index "event_nofinish_idx" on event ("nofinish");
+create index "event_ignore_idx" on event ("ignore");
+create index "event_aid_idx" on event ("aid");
+create index "event_hash_idx" on event ("event_hash");
+create index "event_xchan_idx" on event ("event_xchan");
+
+
+CREATE TABLE "fcontact" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "url" text NOT NULL,
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "photo" text NOT NULL,
+  "request" text NOT NULL,
+  "nick" text NOT NULL,
+  "addr" text NOT NULL,
+  "batch" text NOT NULL,
+  "notify" text NOT NULL,
+  "poll" text NOT NULL,
+  "confirm" text NOT NULL,
+  "priority" numeric(1) NOT NULL,
+  "network" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "alias" text NOT NULL,
+  "pubkey" text NOT NULL,
+  "updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "fcontact_addr_idx" on fcontact ("addr");
+create index "fcontact_network_idx" on fcontact ("network");
+
+CREATE TABLE "ffinder" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "cid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "fid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "ffinder_uid_idx" on ffinder ("uid");
+create index "ffinder_cid_idx" on ffinder ("cid");
+create index "ffinder_fid_idx" on ffinder ("fid");
+
+CREATE TABLE "fserver" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "server" text NOT NULL,
+  "posturl" text NOT NULL,
+  "key" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "fserver_server_idx" on fserver ("server");
+create index "fserver_posturl_idx" on fserver ("posturl");
+
+CREATE TABLE "fsuggest" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "cid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "url" text NOT NULL,
+  "request" text NOT NULL,
+  "photo" text NOT NULL,
+  "note" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "group_member" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "gid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "groupmember_uid" on group_member ("uid");
+create index "groupmember_gid" on group_member ("gid");
+create index "groupmember_xchan" on group_member ("xchan");
+
+CREATE TABLE "groups" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "visible" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "deleted" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+
+);
+create index "groups_uid_idx" on groups ("uid");
+create index "groups_visible_idx" on groups  ("visible");
+create index "groups_deleted_idx" on groups ("deleted");
+create index "groups_hash_idx" on groups ("hash");
+
+CREATE TABLE "hook" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "hook" text NOT NULL,
+  "file" text NOT NULL,
+  "function" text NOT NULL,
+  "priority" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+
+);
+create index "hook_idx" on hook ("hook");
+CREATE TABLE "hubloc" (
+  "hubloc_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "hubloc_guid" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_guid_sig" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "hubloc_addr" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_network" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hubloc_status" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hubloc_url" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_url_sig" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_host" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_callback" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_connect" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_sitekey" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hubloc_updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "hubloc_connected" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("hubloc_id")
+);
+create index "hubloc_url" on hubloc ("hubloc_url");
+create index "hubloc_guid" on hubloc ("hubloc_guid");
+create index "hubloc_flags" on hubloc ("hubloc_flags");
+create index "hubloc_connect" on hubloc ("hubloc_connect");
+create index "hubloc_host" on hubloc ("hubloc_host");
+create index "hubloc_addr" on hubloc ("hubloc_addr");
+create index "hubloc_network" on hubloc ("hubloc_network");
+create index "hubloc_updated" on hubloc ("hubloc_updated");
+create index "hubloc_connected" on hubloc ("hubloc_connected");
+create index "hubloc_status" on hubloc ("hubloc_status");
+CREATE TABLE "issue" (
+  "issue_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "issue_created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "issue_updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "issue_assigned" text NOT NULL,
+  "issue_priority" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "issue_status" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "issue_component" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("issue_id")
+);
+create index "issue_created" on issue ("issue_created");
+create index "issue_updated" on issue ("issue_updated");
+create index "issue_assigned" on issue ("issue_assigned");
+create index "issue_priority" on issue ("issue_priority");
+create index "issue_status" on issue ("issue_status");
+create index "issue_component" on issue ("issue_component");
+
+CREATE TABLE "item" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "mid" text  NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "parent" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "parent_mid" text  NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "thr_parent" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "edited" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "expires" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "commented" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "received" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "changed" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "comments_closed" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "owner_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "author_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "source_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "mimetype" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "title" text NOT NULL,
+  "body" text NOT NULL,
+  "app" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "lang" varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "revision" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "verb" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "obj_type" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "object" text NOT NULL,
+  "tgt_type" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "target" text NOT NULL,
+  "layout_mid" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "postopts" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "route" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "llink" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "plink" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "resource_id" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "resource_type" varchar(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "attach" text NOT NULL,
+  "sig" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "diaspora_meta" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "location" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "coord" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "public_policy" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "comment_policy" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "item_restrict" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "item_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "item_private" numeric(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "item_search_vector" tsvector,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "item_uid" on item ("uid");
+create index "item_parent" on item ("parent");
+create index "item_created" on item ("created");
+create index "item_edited" on item ("edited");
+create index "item_received" on item ("received");
+create index "item_uid_commented" on item ("uid","commented");
+create index "item_uid_created" on item ("uid","created");
+create index "item_changed" on item ("changed");
+create index "item_comments_closed" on item ("comments_closed");
+create index "item_aid" on item ("aid");
+create index "item_owner_xchan" on item ("owner_xchan");
+create index "item_author_xchan" on item ("author_xchan");
+create index "item_resource_type" on item ("resource_type");
+create index "item_restrict" on item ("item_restrict");
+create index "item_flags" on item ("item_flags");
+create index "item_commented" on item ("commented");
+create index "item_verb" on item ("verb");
+create index "item_private" on item ("item_private");
+create index "item_llink" on item ("llink");
+create index "item_expires" on item ("expires");
+create index "item_revision" on item ("revision");
+create index "item_mimetype" on item ("mimetype");
+create index "item_mid" on item ("mid");
+create index "item_parent_mid" on item ("parent_mid");
+create index "item_uid_mid" on item ("mid","uid");
+create index "item_public_policy" on item ("public_policy");
+create index "item_comment_policy" on item ("comment_policy");
+create index "item_layout_mid" on item ("layout_mid");
+
+-- fulltext indexes
+create index "item_search_idx" on  item USING gist("item_search_vector");
+create index "item_allow_cid" on item ("allow_cid");
+create index "item_allow_gid" on item ("allow_gid");
+create index "item_deny_cid" on item ("deny_cid");
+create index "item_deny_gid" on item ("deny_gid");
+
+CREATE TABLE "item_id" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "iid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "sid" text NOT NULL,
+  "service" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+
+);
+create index "itemid_uid" on item_id ("uid");
+create index "itemid_sid" on item_id ("sid");
+create index "itemid_service" on item_id ("service");
+create index "itemid_iid" on item_id ("iid");
+CREATE TABLE "likes" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "liker" char(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "likee" char(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "iid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "verb" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "target_type" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "target_id" char(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "target" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "likes_channel_id" on likes ("channel_id");
+create index "likes_liker" on likes ("liker");
+create index "likes_likee" on likes ("likee");
+create index "likes_iid" on likes ("iid");
+create index "likes_verb" on likes ("verb");
+create index "likes_target_type" on likes ("target_type");
+create index "likes_target_id" on likes ("target_id");
+CREATE TABLE "mail" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "convid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "mail_flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "from_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "to_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "account_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "title" text NOT NULL,
+  "body" text NOT NULL,
+  "attach" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "mid" text NOT NULL,
+  "parent_mid" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "expires" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "mail_convid" on mail ("convid");
+create index "mail_created" on mail ("created");
+create index "mail_flags" on mail ("mail_flags");
+create index "mail_account_id" on mail ("account_id");
+create index "mail_channel_id" on mail ("channel_id");
+create index "mail_from_xchan" on mail ("from_xchan");
+create index "mail_to_xchan" on mail ("to_xchan");
+create index "mail_mid" on mail ("mid");
+create index "mail_parent_mid" on mail ("parent_mid");
+create index "mail_expires" on mail ("expires");
+CREATE TABLE "manage" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+
+);
+create index "manage_uid" on manage ("uid");
+create index "manage_xchan" on manage ("xchan");
+CREATE TABLE "menu" (
+  "menu_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "menu_channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "menu_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "menu_desc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "menu_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("menu_id")
+);
+create index "menu_channel_id" on menu ("menu_channel_id");
+create index "menu_name" on menu ("menu_name");
+create index "menu_flags" on menu ("menu_flags");
+CREATE TABLE "menu_item" (
+  "mitem_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "mitem_link" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "mitem_desc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "mitem_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "mitem_channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "mitem_menu_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "mitem_order" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("mitem_id")
+
+);
+create index "mitem_channel_id" on menu_item ("mitem_channel_id");
+create index "mitem_menu_id" on menu_item ("mitem_menu_id");
+create index "mitem_flags" on menu_item ("mitem_flags");
+CREATE TABLE "notify" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "hash" char(64) NOT NULL,
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "url" text NOT NULL,
+  "photo" text NOT NULL,
+  "date" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "msg" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "aid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "link" text NOT NULL,
+  "parent" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "seen" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "type" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "verb" text NOT NULL,
+  "otype" varchar(16) NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "notify_type" on notify ("type");
+create index "notify_seen" on notify ("seen");
+create index "notify_uid" on notify ("uid");
+create index "notify_date" on notify ("date");
+create index "notify_hash" on notify ("hash");
+create index "notify_parent" on notify ("parent");
+create index "notify_link" on notify ("link");
+create index "notify_otype" on notify ("otype");
+create index "notify_aid" on notify ("aid");
+CREATE TABLE "obj" (
+  "obj_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "obj_page" char(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "obj_verb" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "obj_type" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "obj_obj" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "obj_channel" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("obj_id")
+
+);
+create index "obj_verb" on obj ("obj_verb");
+create index "obj_page" on obj ("obj_page");
+create index "obj_type" on obj ("obj_type");
+create index "obj_channel" on obj ("obj_channel");
+create index "obj_obj" on obj ("obj_obj");
+
+CREATE TABLE "outq" (
+  "outq_hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "outq_account" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "outq_channel" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "outq_driver" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "outq_posturl" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "outq_async" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "outq_delivered" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "outq_created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "outq_updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "outq_notify" text NOT NULL,
+  "outq_msg" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("outq_hash")
+);
+create index "outq_account" on outq ("outq_account");
+create index "outq_channel" on outq ("outq_channel");
+create index "outq_hub" on outq ("outq_posturl");
+create index "outq_created" on outq ("outq_created");
+create index "outq_updated" on outq ("outq_updated");
+create index "outq_async" on outq ("outq_async");
+create index "outq_delivered" on outq ("outq_delivered");
+
+CREATE TABLE "pconfig" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "cat" text  NOT NULL,
+  "k" text  NOT NULL,
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
+  UNIQUE ("uid","cat","k")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "photo" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "resource_id" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "edited" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "title" text NOT NULL,
+  "description" text NOT NULL,
+  "album" text NOT NULL,
+  "filename" text NOT NULL,
+  "type" varchar(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'image/jpeg',
+  "height" numeric(6) NOT NULL,
+  "width" numeric(6) NOT NULL,
+  "size" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "data" bytea NOT NULL,
+  "scale" numeric(3) NOT NULL,
+  "profile" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "photo_flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "allow_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "allow_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_cid" text NOT NULL,
+  "deny_gid" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "photo_uid" on photo ("uid");
+create index "photo_album" on photo ("album");
+create index "photo_scale" on photo ("scale");
+create index "photo_profile" on photo ("profile");
+create index "photo_flags" on photo ("photo_flags");
+create index "photo_type" on photo ("type");
+create index "photo_aid" on photo ("aid");
+create index "photo_xchan" on photo ("xchan");
+create index "photo_size" on photo ("size");
+create index "photo_resource_id" on photo ("resource_id");
+
+CREATE TABLE "poll" (
+  "poll_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "poll_channel" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "poll_desc" text NOT NULL,
+  "poll_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "poll_votes" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("poll_id")
+
+);
+create index "poll_channel" on poll ("poll_channel");
+create index "poll_flags" on poll ("poll_flags");
+create index "poll_votes" on poll ("poll_votes");
+CREATE TABLE "poll_elm" (
+  "pelm_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "pelm_poll" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "pelm_desc" text NOT NULL,
+  "pelm_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "pelm_result" float NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("pelm_id")
+);
+create index "pelm_poll" on poll_elm ("pelm_poll");
+create index "pelm_result" on poll_elm ("pelm_result");
+
+CREATE TABLE "profdef" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "field_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "field_type" varchar(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "field_desc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "field_help" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "field_inputs" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "profdef_field_name" on profdef ("field_name");
+CREATE TABLE "profext" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "k" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "profext_channel_id" on profext ("channel_id");
+create index "profext_hash" on profext ("hash");
+create index "profext_k" on profext ("k");
+
+CREATE TABLE "profile" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "profile_guid" char(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "profile_name" text NOT NULL,
+  "is_default" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "hide_friends" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "name" text NOT NULL,
+  "pdesc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "chandesc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "dob" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "dob_tz" text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'UTC',
+  "address" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "locality" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "region" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "postal_code" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "country_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "hometown" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "gender" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "marital" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "with" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "howlong" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "sexual" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "politic" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "religion" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "keywords" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "likes" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "dislikes" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "about" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "summary" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "music" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "book" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "tv" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "film" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "interest" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "romance" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "work" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "education" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "contact" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "channels" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "homepage" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "photo" text NOT NULL,
+  "thumb" text NOT NULL,
+  "publish" numeric(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
+  UNIQUE ("profile_guid","uid")
+
+);
+create index "profile_uid" on profile ("uid");
+create index "profile_locality" on profile ("locality");
+create index "profile_hometown" on profile ("hometown");
+create index "profile_gender" on profile ("gender");
+create index "profile_marital" on profile ("marital");
+create index "profile_sexual" on profile ("sexual");
+create index "profile_publish" on profile ("publish");
+create index "profile_aid" on profile ("aid");
+create index "profile_is_default" on profile ("is_default");
+create index "profile_hide_friends" on profile ("hide_friends");
+create index "profile_postal_code" on profile ("postal_code");
+create index "profile_country_name" on profile ("country_name");
+create index "profile_guid" on profile ("profile_guid");
+CREATE TABLE "profile_check" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "cid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "dfrn_id" text NOT NULL,
+  "sec" text NOT NULL,
+  "expire" bigint NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "pc_uid" on profile_check ("uid");
+create index "pc_cid" on profile_check ("cid");
+create index "pc_dfrn_id" on profile_check ("dfrn_id");
+create index "pc_sec" on profile_check ("sec");
+create index "pc_expire" on profile_check ("expire");
+
+CREATE TABLE "register" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "password" text NOT NULL,
+  "language" varchar(16) NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "reg_hash" on register ("hash");
+create index "reg_created" on register ("created");
+create index "reg_uid" on register ("uid");
+CREATE TABLE "session" (
+  "id" serial,
+  "sid" text NOT NULL,
+  "data" text NOT NULL,
+  "expire" numeric(20)  NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "session_sid" on session ("sid");
+create index "session_expire" on session ("expire");
+CREATE TABLE "shares" (
+  "share_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "share_type" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "share_target" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "share_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("share_id")
+);
+create index "share_type" on shares ("share_type");
+create index "share_target" on shares ("share_target");
+create index "share_xchan" on shares ("share_xchan");
+
+CREATE TABLE "sign" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "iid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "retract_iid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "signed_text" text NOT NULL,
+  "signature" text NOT NULL,
+  "signer" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "sign_iid" on "sign" ("iid");
+create index "sign_retract_iid" on "sign" ("retract_iid");
+
+CREATE TABLE "site" (
+  "site_url" text NOT NULL,
+  "site_access" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "site_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "site_update" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "site_pull" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "site_sync" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "site_directory" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "site_register" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "site_sellpage" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "site_location" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "site_realm" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("site_url")
+);
+create index "site_flags" on site ("site_flags");
+create index "site_update" on site  ("site_update");
+create index "site_directory" on site ("site_directory");
+create index "site_register" on site ("site_register");
+create index "site_access" on site ("site_access");
+create index "site_sellpage" on site ("site_sellpage");
+create index "site_realm" on site ("site_realm");
+
+CREATE TABLE "source" (
+  "src_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "src_channel_id" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "src_channel_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "src_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "src_patt" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("src_id")
+);
+create index "src_channel_id" on "source" ("src_channel_id");
+create index "src_channel_xchan" on "source"  ("src_channel_xchan");
+create index "src_xchan" on "source" ("src_xchan");
+CREATE TABLE "spam" (
+  "id" serial NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  "spam" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "ham" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "term" text NOT NULL,
+  "date" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "spam_uid" on spam ("uid");
+create index "spam_spam" on spam ("spam");
+create index "spam_ham" on spam ("ham");
+create index "spam_term" on spam ("term");
+CREATE TABLE "sys_perms" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "cat" text NOT NULL,
+  "k" text NOT NULL,
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  "public_perm" numeric(1)  NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+CREATE TABLE "term" (
+  "tid" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "aid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "uid" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "oid" bigint  NOT NULL,
+  "otype" numeric(3)  NOT NULL,
+  "type" numeric(3)  NOT NULL,
+  "term" text NOT NULL,
+  "url" text NOT NULL,
+  "imgurl" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "term_hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "parent_hash" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("tid")
+);
+create index "term_oid" on term ("oid");
+create index "term_otype" on term ("otype");
+create index "term_type" on term ("type");
+create index "term_term" on term ("term");
+create index "term_uid" on term ("uid");
+create index "term_aid" on term ("aid");
+create index "term_imgurl" on term ("imgurl");
+create index "term_hash" on term ("term_hash");
+create index "term_parent_hash" on term ("parent_hash");
+CREATE TABLE "tokens" (
+  "id" varchar(40) NOT NULL,
+  "secret" text NOT NULL,
+  "client_id" varchar(20) NOT NULL,
+  "expires" numeric(20)  NOT NULL,
+  "scope" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "tokens_client_id" on tokens ("client_id");
+create index "tokens_expires" on tokens ("expires");
+create index "tokens_uid" on tokens ("uid");
+
+CREATE TABLE "updates" (
+  "ud_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "ud_hash" char(128) NOT NULL,
+  "ud_guid" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "ud_date" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "ud_last" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "ud_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "ud_addr" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("ud_id")
+);
+create index "ud_date" on updates ("ud_date");
+create index "ud_guid" on updates ("ud_guid");
+create index "ud_hash" on updates ("ud_hash");
+create index "ud_flags" on updates ("ud_flags");
+create index "ud_addr" on updates ("ud_addr");
+create index "ud_last" on updates ("ud_last");
+CREATE TABLE "verify" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "channel" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "type" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "token" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "meta" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "created" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "verify_channel" on verify ("channel");
+create index "verify_type" on verify ("type");
+create index "verify_token" on verify ("token");
+create index "verify_meta" on verify ("meta");
+create index "verify_created" on verify ("created");
+CREATE TABLE "vote" (
+  "vote_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "vote_poll" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "vote_element" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "vote_result" text NOT NULL,
+  "vote_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("vote_id"),
+  UNIQUE ("vote_poll","vote_element","vote_xchan")
+);
+create index "vote_poll" on vote ("vote_poll");
+create index "vote_element" on vote ("vote_element");
+CREATE TABLE "xchan" (
+  "xchan_hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "xchan_guid" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_guid_sig" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_pubkey" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_photo_mimetype" text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'image/jpeg',
+  "xchan_photo_l" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_photo_m" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_photo_s" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_addr" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_url" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_connurl" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_follow" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_connpage" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_name" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_network" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_instance_url" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchan_flags" bigint  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "xchan_photo_date" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  "xchan_name_date" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("xchan_hash")
+);
+create index "xchan_guid" on xchan ("xchan_guid");
+create index "xchan_addr" on xchan ("xchan_addr");
+create index "xchan_name" on xchan ("xchan_name");
+create index "xchan_network" on xchan ("xchan_network");
+create index "xchan_url" on xchan ("xchan_url");
+create index "xchan_flags" on xchan ("xchan_flags");
+create index "xchan_connurl" on xchan ("xchan_connurl");
+create index "xchan_instance_url" on xchan ("xchan_instance_url");
+create index "xchan_follow" on xchan ("xchan_follow");
+CREATE TABLE "xchat" (
+  "xchat_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "xchat_url" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchat_desc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchat_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xchat_edited" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("xchat_id")
+);
+create index "xchat_url" on xchat ("xchat_url");
+create index "xchat_desc" on xchat ("xchat_desc");
+create index "xchat_xchan" on xchat ("xchat_xchan");
+create index "xchat_edited" on xchat ("xchat_edited");
+CREATE TABLE "xconfig" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "xchan" text NOT NULL,
+  "cat" text NOT NULL,
+  "k" text NOT NULL,
+  "v" text NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "xconfig_xchan" on xconfig ("xchan");
+create index "xconfig_cat" on xconfig ("cat");
+create index "xconfig_k" on xconfig ("k");
+CREATE TABLE "xign" (
+  "id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "uid" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+create index "xign_uid" on xign ("uid");
+create index "xign_xchan" on xign ("xchan");
+CREATE TABLE "xlink" (
+  "xlink_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "xlink_xchan" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xlink_link" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xlink_rating" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "xlink_updated" timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0001-01-01 00:00:00',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("xlink_id")
+);
+create index "xlink_xchan" on xlink ("xlink_xchan");
+create index "xlink_link" on xlink ("xlink_link");
+create index "xlink_updated" on xlink ("xlink_updated");
+create index "xlink_rating" on xlink ("xlink_rating");
+CREATE TABLE "xprof" (
+  "xprof_hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "xprof_age" numeric(3)  NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  "xprof_desc" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_dob" varchar(12) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_gender" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_marital" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_sexual" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_locale" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_region" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_postcode" varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_country" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_keywords" text NOT NULL,
+  "xprof_about" text NOT NULL,
+  "xprof_homepage" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xprof_hometown" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("xprof_hash")
+);
+create index "xprof_desc" on xprof ("xprof_desc");
+create index "xprof_dob" on xprof ("xprof_dob");
+create index "xprof_gender" on xprof ("xprof_gender");
+create index "xprof_marital" on xprof ("xprof_marital");
+create index "xprof_sexual" on xprof ("xprof_sexual");
+create index "xprof_locale" on xprof ("xprof_locale");
+create index "xprof_region" on xprof ("xprof_region");
+create index "xprof_postcode" on xprof ("xprof_postcode");
+create index "xprof_country" on xprof ("xprof_country");
+create index "xprof_age" on xprof ("xprof_age");
+create index "xprof_hometown" on xprof ("xprof_hometown");
+CREATE TABLE "xtag" (
+  "xtag_id" serial  NOT NULL,
+  "xtag_hash" text NOT NULL,
+  "xtag_term" text NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  "xtag_flags" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
+  PRIMARY KEY ("xtag_id")
+);
+create index "xtag_term" on xtag ("xtag_term");
+create index "xtag_hash" on xtag ("xtag_hash");
+create index "xtag_flags" on xtag ("xtag_flags");
diff --git a/mod/acl.php b/mod/acl.php
index 01f5103f1..797a3633b 100644
--- a/mod/acl.php
+++ b/mod/acl.php
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 	
 	if ($type=='' || $type=='c'){
 		$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook_id) AS c FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
-				WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d ) and not (xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra2" ,
+				WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra2" ,
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 		if(intval(get_config('system','taganyone')) || intval(get_pconfig(local_user(),'system','taganyone'))) {
 			if(((! $r) || (! $r[0]['total'])) && $type == 'c') {
 				$r = q("SELECT COUNT(xchan_hash) AS c FROM xchan 
-					WHERE not (xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra2" ,
+					WHERE not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra2" ,
 					intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
 				);
 				$contact_count = (int)$r[0]['c'];
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 
 		$r = q("SELECT count(xchan_hash) as c
 			FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
-			WHERE abook_channel = %d and ( (abook_their_perms = null) or (abook_their_perms & %d ))
-			and not ( xchan_flags & %d )
+			WHERE abook_channel = %d and ( (abook_their_perms = null) or (abook_their_perms & %d )>0)
+			and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0
 			$sql_extra2 ",
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(PERMS_W_MAIL),
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 		// autocomplete for Contacts
 
 		$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook_id) AS c FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
-				WHERE abook_channel = %d and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra2" ,
+				WHERE abook_channel = %d and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra2" ,
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
 		);
@@ -110,17 +110,18 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 	if ($type=='' || $type=='g'){
 		
 		$r = q("SELECT `groups`.`id`, `groups`.`hash`, `groups`.`name`, 
-				GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT `group_member`.`xchan` SEPARATOR ',') as uids
+				%s as uids
 				FROM `groups`,`group_member` 
 				WHERE `groups`.`deleted` = 0 AND `groups`.`uid` = %d 
 					AND `group_member`.`gid`=`groups`.`id`
 					$sql_extra
 				GROUP BY `groups`.`id`
 				ORDER BY `groups`.`name` 
-				LIMIT %d,%d",
+				LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
+			db_concat('group_member.xchan', ','),
 			intval(local_user()),
-			intval($start),
-			intval($count)
+			intval($count),
+			intval($start)
 		);
 
 		foreach($r as $g){
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 	if ($type=='' || $type=='c') {
 		$r = q("SELECT abook_id as id, xchan_hash as hash, xchan_name as name, xchan_photo_s as micro, xchan_url as url, xchan_addr as nick, abook_their_perms, abook_flags 
 				FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash 
-				WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d ) and not (xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra2 order by xchan_name asc" ,
+				WHERE abook_channel = %d AND not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra2 order by xchan_name asc" ,
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED|ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING|ABOOK_FLAG_ARCHIVED),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 			if((! $r) && $type == 'c') {
 				$r = q("SELECT substr(xchan_hash,1,18) as id, xchan_hash as hash, xchan_name as name, xchan_photo_s as micro, xchan_url as url, xchan_addr as nick, 0 as abook_their_perms, 0 as abook_flags 
 					FROM xchan 
-					WHERE not (xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra2 order by xchan_name asc" ,
+					WHERE not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra2 order by xchan_name asc" ,
 					intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
 				);
 			}
@@ -159,8 +160,8 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 
 		$r = q("SELECT xchan_hash as id, xchan_name as name, xchan_addr as nick, xchan_photo_s as micro, xchan_url as url 
 			FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
-			WHERE abook_channel = %d and ( (abook_their_perms = null) or (abook_their_perms & %d ))
-			and not (xchan_flags & %d)
+			WHERE abook_channel = %d and ( (abook_their_perms = null) or (abook_their_perms & %d )>0)
+			and not (xchan_flags & %d)>0
 			$sql_extra3
 			ORDER BY `xchan_name` ASC ",
 			intval(local_user()),
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ function acl_init(&$a){
 	elseif(($type == 'a') || ($type == 'p')) {
 		$r = q("SELECT abook_id as id, xchan_name as name, xchan_hash as hash, xchan_addr as nick, xchan_photo_s as micro, xchan_network as network, xchan_url as url, xchan_addr as attag , abook_their_perms FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
 			WHERE abook_channel = %d
-			and not (xchan_flags & %d)
+			and not (xchan_flags & %d)>0
 			$sql_extra3
 			ORDER BY xchan_name ASC ",
 			intval(local_user()),
diff --git a/mod/admin.php b/mod/admin.php
index 06f44c89b..cbb2395b7 100644
--- a/mod/admin.php
+++ b/mod/admin.php
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ function admin_page_users_post(&$a){
 
 	if (x($_POST,'page_users_block')){
 		foreach($users as $uid){
-			q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = (account_flags & %d) where account_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = (account_flags & %d) where account_id = %d",
 				intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 				intval( $uid )
 			);
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ function admin_page_users(&$a){
 			}; break;
 			case "block":{
                 check_form_security_token_redirectOnErr('/admin/users', 'admin_users', 't');
-				q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = ( account_flags ^ %d ) where account_id = %d",
+				q("UPDATE account SET account_flags = ( account_flags & ~%d ) where account_id = %d",
 					intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
 					intval( $uid )
 				);
@@ -664,13 +664,13 @@ function admin_page_users(&$a){
 	}
 	
 	/* get pending */
-	$pending = q("SELECT account.*, register.hash from account left join register on account_id = register.uid where (account_flags & %d ) ",
+	$pending = q("SELECT account.*, register.hash from account left join register on account_id = register.uid where (account_flags & %d )>0 ",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING)
 	);	
 	
 	/* get users */
 
-	$total = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM account where 1");
+	$total = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM account");
 	if(count($total)) {
 		$a->set_pager_total($total[0]['total']);
 		$a->set_pager_itemspage(100);
@@ -690,14 +690,15 @@ function admin_page_users(&$a){
     if($_REQUEST['order'] === 'created')
 		$order = " order by account_created desc ";
 		
-	$users =q("SELECT `account_id` , `account_email`, `account_lastlog`, `account_created`, `account_expires`, " . 			"`account_service_class`, ( account_flags & %d ) > 0 as `blocked`, " .
-			"(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( ch.channel_address SEPARATOR ' ') FROM channel as ch " .
-			"WHERE ch.channel_account_id = ac.account_id and not (ch.channel_pageflags & %d )) as `channels` " .
-		"FROM account as ac where true $serviceclass $order limit %d , %d ",
+	$users =q("SELECT `account_id` , `account_email`, `account_lastlog`, `account_created`, `account_expires`, " . 			"`account_service_class`, ( account_flags & %d )>0 as `blocked`, " .
+			"(SELECT %s FROM channel as ch " .
+			"WHERE ch.channel_account_id = ac.account_id and not (ch.channel_pageflags & %d )>0) as `channels` " .
+		"FROM account as ac where true $serviceclass $order limit %d offset %d ",
 		intval(ACCOUNT_BLOCKED),
+		db_concat('ch.channel_address', ' '),
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED),		
-		intval($a->pager['start']),
-		intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+		intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+		intval($a->pager['start'])
 	);
 					
 //	function _setup_users($e){
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ function admin_page_channels_post(&$a){
 
 	if (x($_POST,'page_channels_block')){
 		foreach($channels as $uid){
-			q("UPDATE channel SET channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags ^ %d ) where channel_id = %d",
+			q("UPDATE channel SET channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags & ~%d ) where channel_id = %d",
 				intval(PAGE_CENSORED),
 				intval( $uid )
 				);
@@ -812,7 +813,7 @@ function admin_page_channels(&$a){
 
 			case "block":{
 				check_form_security_token_redirectOnErr('/admin/channels', 'admin_channels', 't');
-				q("UPDATE channel SET channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags ^ %d ) where channel_id = %d",
+				q("UPDATE channel SET channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags & ~%d ) where channel_id = %d",
 					intval(PAGE_CENSORED),
 					intval( $uid )
 				);
@@ -828,7 +829,7 @@ function admin_page_channels(&$a){
 	
 	/* get channels */
 
-	$total = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM channel where not (channel_pageflags & %d)",
+	$total = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM channel where not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0",
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 	);
 	if($total) {
@@ -838,10 +839,10 @@ function admin_page_channels(&$a){
 	
 	$order = " order by channel_name asc ";
 
-	$channels = q("SELECT * from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) $order limit %d , %d ",
+	$channels = q("SELECT * from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 $order limit %d offset %d ",
 		intval(PAGE_REMOVED),
-		intval($a->pager['start']),
-		intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+		intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+		intval($a->pager['start'])
 	);
 					
 	if($channels) {
@@ -1295,7 +1296,7 @@ readable.");
 function admin_page_profs_post(&$a) {
 
 	if($_REQUEST['id']) {
-		$r = q("update profdef set field_name = '%s', field_type = '%s', field_desc = '%s' field_help = '%s', field_inputs = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update profdef set field_name = '%s', field_type = '%s', field_desc = '%s' field_help = '%s', field_inputs = '%s' where id = %d",
 			dbesc($_REQUEST['field_name']),
 			dbesc($_REQUEST['field_type']),
 			dbesc($_REQUEST['field_desc']),
@@ -1323,7 +1324,7 @@ function admin_page_profs_post(&$a) {
 function admin_page_profs(&$a) {
 
 	if((argc() > 3) && argv(2) == 'drop' && intval(argv(3))) {
-		$r = q("delete from profdef where id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from profdef where id = %d",
 			intval(argv(3))
 		);
 		// remove from allowed fields
diff --git a/mod/channel.php b/mod/channel.php
index e4a7173c0..8d6b2a169 100644
--- a/mod/channel.php
+++ b/mod/channel.php
@@ -141,17 +141,17 @@ function channel_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	if(($update) && (! $load)) {
 		if ($mid) {
 			$r = q("SELECT parent AS item_id from item where mid = '%s' and uid = %d AND item_restrict = 0
-				AND (item_flags &  %d) AND (item_flags & %d) $sql_extra limit 1",
+				AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 AND (item_flags & %d)>0 $sql_extra limit 1",
 				dbesc($mid),
 				intval($a->profile['profile_uid']),
 				intval(ITEM_WALL),
 				intval(ITEM_UNSEEN)
 			);
 		} else {
-			$r = q("SELECT distinct parent AS `item_id` from item
+			$r = q("SELECT distinct parent AS `item_id`, created from item
 				left join abook on item.author_xchan = abook.abook_xchan
 				WHERE uid = %d AND item_restrict = 0
-				AND (item_flags &  %d) AND ( item_flags & %d ) 
+				AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 AND ( item_flags & %d )>0
 				AND ((abook.abook_flags & %d) = 0 or abook.abook_flags is null)
 				$sql_extra
 				ORDER BY created DESC",
@@ -179,12 +179,12 @@ function channel_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 		$itemspage = get_pconfig(local_user(),'system','itemspage');
 		$a->set_pager_itemspage(((intval($itemspage)) ? $itemspage : 20));
-		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval($a->pager['start']), intval($a->pager['itemspage']));
+		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval($a->pager['itemspage']), intval($a->pager['start']));
 
 		if($load || ($_COOKIE['jsAvailable'] != 1)) {
 			if ($mid) {
 				$r = q("SELECT parent AS item_id from item where mid = '%s' and uid = %d AND item_restrict = 0
-					AND (item_flags &  %d) $sql_extra limit 1",
+					AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 $sql_extra limit 1",
 					dbesc($mid),
 					intval($a->profile['profile_uid']),
 					intval(ITEM_WALL)
@@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ function channel_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 				}
 
 			} else {
-				$r = q("SELECT distinct id AS item_id FROM item 
+				$r = q("SELECT distinct id AS item_id, created FROM item 
 					left join abook on item.author_xchan = abook.abook_xchan
 					WHERE uid = %d AND item_restrict = 0
-					AND (item_flags &  %d) and (item_flags & %d)
+					AND (item_flags &  %d)>0 and (item_flags & %d)>0
 					AND ((abook.abook_flags & %d) = 0 or abook.abook_flags is null)
 					$sql_extra $sql_extra2
 					ORDER BY created DESC $pager_sql ",
@@ -283,8 +283,8 @@ function channel_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 	if($is_owner) {
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = (item_flags ^ %d)
-			WHERE (item_flags & %d) AND (item_flags & %d) AND uid = %d ",
+		$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = (item_flags & ~%d)
+			WHERE (item_flags & %d)>0 AND (item_flags & %d)>0 AND uid = %d ",
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(ITEM_WALL),
diff --git a/mod/chatsvc.php b/mod/chatsvc.php
index 43aa3d3c0..44225e6dd 100644
--- a/mod/chatsvc.php
+++ b/mod/chatsvc.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ function chatsvc_content(&$a) {
 			intval($a->data['chat']['uid'])
 		);			
 
-		$r = q("update chatpresence set cp_status = '%s', cp_last = '%s' where cp_room = %d and cp_xchan = '%s' and cp_client = '%s' limit 1",
+		$r = q("update chatpresence set cp_status = '%s', cp_last = '%s' where cp_room = %d and cp_xchan = '%s' and cp_client = '%s'",
 			dbesc($status),
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			intval($room_id),
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ function chatsvc_content(&$a) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	$r = q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_room = %d and cp_xchan = '%s' and cp_client = '%s' limit 1",
+	$r = q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_room = %d and cp_xchan = '%s' and cp_client = '%s'",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		intval($a->data['chat']['room_id']),
 		dbesc(get_observer_hash()),
diff --git a/mod/connect.php b/mod/connect.php
index f7748bcaf..5b1f258ad 100644
--- a/mod/connect.php
+++ b/mod/connect.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function connect_post(&$a) {
 		$text = escape_tags($_POST['text']);
 		
 		if($has_premium != $premium) {
-			$r = q("update channel set channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags ^ %d ) where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("update channel set channel_pageflags = ( channel_pageflags & ~%d ) where channel_id = %d",
 				intval(PAGE_PREMIUM),
 				intval(local_user()) 
 			);
diff --git a/mod/connections.php b/mod/connections.php
index 0dfcfebf1..70e28913a 100644
--- a/mod/connections.php
+++ b/mod/connections.php
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function connections_post(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	$r = q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '%s', abook_my_perms = %d , abook_closeness = %d, abook_flags = %d
-		where abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d LIMIT 1",
+		where abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d",
 		dbesc($profile_id),
 		intval($abook_my_perms),
 		intval($closeness),
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ function connections_content(&$a) {
 				nav_set_selected('intros');
 				break;
 			case 'ifpending':
-				$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) and not ((abook_flags & %d) or (xchan_flags & %d))",
+				$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not ((abook_flags & %d)>0 or (xchan_flags & %d)>0)",
 					intval(local_user()),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED),
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ function connections_content(&$a) {
 
 		}
 
-		$sql_extra = (($search_flags) ? " and ( abook_flags & " . $search_flags . " ) " : "");
+		$sql_extra = (($search_flags) ? " and ( abook_flags & " . $search_flags . " )>0 " : "");
 		if(argv(1) === 'pending')
-			$sql_extra .= " and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED . " ) ";
+			$sql_extra .= " and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED . " )>0 ";
 
 	}
 	else {
-		$sql_extra = " and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED . " ) ";
+		$sql_extra = " and not ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED . " )>0 ";
 		$unblocked = true;
 	}
 
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ function connections_content(&$a) {
 	}
  	
 	$r = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash 
-		where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) and not (xchan_flags & %d ) $sql_extra $sql_extra2 ",
+		where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d )>0 $sql_extra $sql_extra2 ",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED|XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN)
@@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ function connections_content(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash
-		WHERE abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d) and not ( xchan_flags & %d) $sql_extra $sql_extra2 ORDER BY xchan_name LIMIT %d , %d ",
+		WHERE abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d)>0 $sql_extra $sql_extra2 ORDER BY xchan_name LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED|XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
-		intval($a->pager['start']),
-		intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+		intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+		intval($a->pager['start'])
 	);
 
 	$contacts = array();
diff --git a/mod/connedit.php b/mod/connedit.php
index b10d9f3b8..dd69b3d31 100644
--- a/mod/connedit.php
+++ b/mod/connedit.php
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function connedit_post(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	$r = q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '%s', abook_my_perms = %d , abook_closeness = %d, abook_flags = %d
-		where abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d LIMIT 1",
+		where abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d",
 		dbesc($profile_id),
 		intval($abook_my_perms),
 		intval($closeness),
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ function connedit_content(&$a) {
 		$cmd = argv(2);
 
 		$orig_record = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash
-			WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d AND NOT ( abook_flags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+			WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d AND NOT ( abook_flags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 			intval($contact_id),
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
diff --git a/mod/contactgroup.php b/mod/contactgroup.php
index cac02a65d..4515c4c4c 100644
--- a/mod/contactgroup.php
+++ b/mod/contactgroup.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ function contactgroup_content(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	if((argc() > 2) && (intval(argv(1))) && (argv(2))) {
-		$r = q("SELECT abook_xchan from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d ) limit 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT abook_xchan from abook where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc(base64url_decode(argv(2))),
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
diff --git a/mod/delegate.php b/mod/delegate.php
index e582b9387..c78898b7f 100644
--- a/mod/delegate.php
+++ b/mod/delegate.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function delegate_content(&$a) {
 		if(x($_SESSION,'submanage') && intval($_SESSION['submanage']))
 			goaway($a->get_baseurl() . '/delegate');
 
-		q("delete from manage where uid = %d and mid = %d limit 1",
+		q("delete from manage where uid = %d and mid = %d",
 			intval($a->argv[2]),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
diff --git a/mod/dirsearch.php b/mod/dirsearch.php
index d8f611e6a..485f99b38 100644
--- a/mod/dirsearch.php
+++ b/mod/dirsearch.php
@@ -151,16 +151,16 @@ function dirsearch_content(&$a) {
 	}
 
 
-	$safesql = (($safe > 0) ? " and not ( xchan_flags & " . intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_CENSORED|XCHAN_FLAGS_SELFCENSORED) . " ) " : '');
+	$safesql = (($safe > 0) ? " and not ( xchan_flags & " . intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_CENSORED|XCHAN_FLAGS_SELFCENSORED) . " )>0 " : '');
 	if($safe < 0)
-		$safesql = " and ( xchan_flags & " . intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_CENSORED|XCHAN_FLAGS_SELFCENSORED) . " ) ";
+		$safesql = " and ( xchan_flags & " . intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_CENSORED|XCHAN_FLAGS_SELFCENSORED) . " )>0 ";
 
 	if($limit) 
 		$qlimit = " LIMIT $limit ";
 	else {
 		$qlimit = " LIMIT " . intval($startrec) . " , " . intval($perpage);
 		if($return_total) {
-			$r = q("SELECT COUNT(xchan_hash) AS `total` FROM xchan left join xprof on xchan_hash = xprof_hash where $logic $sql_extra and xchan_network = 'zot' and not ( xchan_flags & %d) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) $safesql ",
+			$r = q("SELECT COUNT(xchan_hash) AS `total` FROM xchan left join xprof on xchan_hash = xprof_hash where $logic $sql_extra and xchan_network = 'zot' and not ( xchan_flags & %d)>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 $safesql ",
 				intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_HIDDEN),
 				intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 				intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ function dirsearch_content(&$a) {
 		json_return_and_die($spkt);
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("SELECT xchan.*, xprof.* from xchan left join xprof on xchan_hash = xprof_hash where ( $logic $sql_extra ) and xchan_network = 'zot' and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) $safesql $order $qlimit ",
+		$r = q("SELECT xchan.*, xprof.* from xchan left join xprof on xchan_hash = xprof_hash where ( $logic $sql_extra ) and xchan_network = 'zot' and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 $safesql $order $qlimit ",
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_HIDDEN),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED)
diff --git a/mod/display.php b/mod/display.php
index be06c1e82..ece406543 100644
--- a/mod/display.php
+++ b/mod/display.php
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ function display_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 		$updateable = false;
 
-		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval($a->pager['start']), intval($a->pager['itemspage']));
+		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval($a->pager['itemspage']),intval($a->pager['start']));
 
 		if($load || ($_COOKIE['jsAvailable'] != 1)) {
 			$r = null;
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ function display_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 					and owner_xchan in ( " . stream_perms_xchans(($observer_hash) ? (PERMS_NETWORK|PERMS_PUBLIC) : PERMS_PUBLIC) . " ))
 					OR owner_xchan = '%s')
 					$sql_extra )
-					group by mid limit 1",
+					limit 1",
 					dbesc($target_item['parent_mid']),
 					dbesc($sys['xchan_hash'])
 				);
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ function display_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	}
 
 	if($updateable) {
-		$x = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = ( item_flags ^ %d )
-			WHERE (item_flags & %d) AND uid = %d and parent = %d ",
+		$x = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = ( item_flags & ~%d )
+			WHERE (item_flags & %d)>0 AND uid = %d and parent = %d ",
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(local_user()),
diff --git a/mod/events.php b/mod/events.php
index 513899308..009afbcb8 100755
--- a/mod/events.php
+++ b/mod/events.php
@@ -199,14 +199,14 @@ function events_content(&$a) {
 	nav_set_selected('all_events');
 
 	if((argc() > 2) && (argv(1) === 'ignore') && intval(argv(2))) {
-		$r = q("update event set ignore = 1 where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update event set ignore = 1 where id = %d and uid = %d",
 			intval(argv(2)),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
 	}
 
 	if((argc() > 2) && (argv(1) === 'unignore') && intval(argv(2))) {
-		$r = q("update event set ignore = 0 where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update event set ignore = 0 where id = %d and uid = %d",
 			intval(argv(2)),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ function events_content(&$a) {
 			$r = q("SELECT event.*, item.plink, item.item_flags, item.author_xchan, item.owner_xchan
                               from event left join item on event_hash = resource_id 
 				where resource_type = 'event' and event.uid = %d and event.ignore = %d 
-				AND (( `adjust` = 0 AND ( `finish` >= '%s' or nofinish ) AND `start` <= '%s' ) 
-				OR  (  `adjust` = 1 AND ( `finish` >= '%s' or nofinish ) AND `start` <= '%s' )) ",
+				AND (( `adjust` = 0 AND ( `finish` >= '%s' or nofinish = 1 ) AND `start` <= '%s' ) 
+				OR  (  `adjust` = 1 AND ( `finish` >= '%s' or nofinish = 1 ) AND `start` <= '%s' )) ",
 				intval(local_user()),
 				intval($ignored),
 				dbesc($start),
diff --git a/mod/filer.php b/mod/filer.php
index 3340fc999..9a409177c 100644
--- a/mod/filer.php
+++ b/mod/filer.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function filer_content(&$a) {
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
 		if($r) {
-			$x = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags | %d ) where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+			$x = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags | %d ) where id = %d and uid = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_RETAINED),
 				intval($r[0]['parent']),
 				intval(local_user())
diff --git a/mod/filerm.php b/mod/filerm.php
index a37e80b31..900cfe60b 100644
--- a/mod/filerm.php
+++ b/mod/filerm.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function filerm_content(&$a) {
 	logger('filerm: tag ' . $term . ' item ' . $item_id);
 
 	if($item_id && strlen($term)) {
-		$r = q("delete from term where uid = %d and type = %d and oid = %d and term = '%s' limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from term where uid = %d and type = %d and oid = %d and term = '%s'",
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(($category) ? TERM_CATEGORY : TERM_FILE),
 			intval($item_id),
diff --git a/mod/fsuggest.php b/mod/fsuggest.php
index 8b6f077d3..2f4f9606b 100644
--- a/mod/fsuggest.php
+++ b/mod/fsuggest.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function fsuggest_post(&$a) {
 			);
 			if(count($r)) {
 				$fsuggest_id = $r[0]['id'];
-				q("UPDATE `fsuggest` SET `note` = '%s' WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d LIMIT 1",
+				q("UPDATE `fsuggest` SET `note` = '%s' WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d",
 					dbesc($note),
 					intval($fsuggest_id),
 					intval(local_user())
diff --git a/mod/group.php b/mod/group.php
index 9b90b1a1a..f67623a83 100644
--- a/mod/group.php
+++ b/mod/group.php
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function group_post(&$a) {
 		$public = intval($_POST['public']);
 
 		if((strlen($groupname))  && (($groupname != $group['name']) || ($public != $group['visible']))) {
-			$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `name` = '%s', visible = %d  WHERE `uid` = %d AND `id` = %d LIMIT 1",
+			$r = q("UPDATE `groups` SET `name` = '%s', visible = %d  WHERE `uid` = %d AND `id` = %d",
 				dbesc($groupname),
 				intval($public),
 				intval(local_user()),
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ function group_content(&$a) {
 
 		check_form_security_token_ForbiddenOnErr('group_member_change', 't');
 
-		$r = q("SELECT abook_xchan from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (xchan_flags & %d) and not (abook_flags & %d) and not (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT abook_xchan from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_xchan = '%s' and abook_channel = %d and not (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc(base64url_decode(argv(2))),
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED),
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ function group_content(&$a) {
 			group_rmv_member(local_user(),$group['name'],$member['xchan_hash']);
 	}
 
-	$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM `abook` left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash WHERE `abook_channel` = %d AND  not (abook_flags & %d) and not (xchan_flags & %d) and not (abook_flags & %d) order by xchan_name asc",
+	$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* FROM `abook` left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash WHERE `abook_channel` = %d AND  not (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and not (abook_flags & %d)>0 order by xchan_name asc",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED),
 		intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_DELETED),
diff --git a/mod/import.php b/mod/import.php
index 44dfcc38d..6cb3767a6 100644
--- a/mod/import.php
+++ b/mod/import.php
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ function import_post(&$a) {
 	// reset the original primary hubloc if it is being seized
 
 	if($seize)
-		$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d) where (hubloc_flags & %d) and hubloc_hash = '%s' and hubloc_url != '%s' ",
+		$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d) where (hubloc_flags & %d)>0 and hubloc_hash = '%s' and hubloc_url != '%s' ",
 			intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 			intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 			dbesc($channel['channel_hash']),
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ function import_post(&$a) {
 
 		// replace our existing xchan if we're seizing control
 
-		$r = q("delete from xchan where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from xchan where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 			dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
 		);
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ function import_post(&$a) {
 				$photodate = $xchan['xchan_photo_date'];
 
 			$r = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s', xchan_photo_date = '%s'
-				where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($photos[0]),
 				dbesc($photos[1]),
 				dbesc($photos[2]),
diff --git a/mod/item.php b/mod/item.php
index 3dea8809c..026240196 100644
--- a/mod/item.php
+++ b/mod/item.php
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ function item_post(&$a) {
 		// They will show up as people comment on them.
 
 		if($parent_item['item_restrict'] & ITEM_HIDDEN) {
-			$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET `item_restrict` = %d WHERE `id` = %d LIMIT 1",
+			$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET `item_restrict` = %d WHERE `id` = %d",
 				intval($parent_item['item_restrict'] - ITEM_HIDDEN),
 				intval($parent_item['id'])
 			);
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ function fix_attached_photo_permissions($uid,$xchan_hash,$body,
 						$private = (($str_contact_allow || $str_group_allow || $str_contact_deny || $str_group_deny) ? true : false);
 
 						$r = q("UPDATE item SET allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', item_private = %d
-							WHERE id = %d AND uid = %d limit 1",
+							WHERE id = %d AND uid = %d",
 							dbesc($str_contact_allow),
 							dbesc($str_group_allow),
 							dbesc($str_contact_deny),
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ function item_check_service_class($channel_id,$iswebpage) {
 	if ($iswebpage) {
 		$r = q("select count(i.id)  as total from item i 
 			right join channel c on (i.author_xchan=c.channel_hash and i.uid=c.channel_id )  
-			and i.parent=i.id and (i.item_restrict & %d) and not (i.item_restrict & %d) and i.uid= %d ",
+			and i.parent=i.id and (i.item_restrict & %d)>0 and not (i.item_restrict & %d)>0 and i.uid= %d ",
 			intval(ITEM_WEBPAGE),
 			intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 		intval($channel_id)
diff --git a/mod/like.php b/mod/like.php
index f4fd33787..b56611197 100755
--- a/mod/like.php
+++ b/mod/like.php
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ function like_content(&$a) {
 
 			// Already liked/disliked it, delete it
 
-			$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict ^ %d ), changed = '%s' WHERE id = %d LIMIT 1",
+			$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_restrict = ( item_restrict & ~%d ), changed = '%s' WHERE id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_DELETED),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				intval($like_item['id'])
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ function like_content(&$a) {
 		// if this was a linked photo and was hidden, unhide it.
 
 		if($item['item_restrict'] & ITEM_HIDDEN) {
-			$r = q("update item set item_restrict = (item_restrict ^ %d) where id = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("update item set item_restrict = (item_restrict ^ %d) where id = %d",
 				intval(ITEM_HIDDEN),
 				intval($item['id'])
 			);
diff --git a/mod/locs.php b/mod/locs.php
index 95aa7a579..0bd7f0f84 100644
--- a/mod/locs.php
+++ b/mod/locs.php
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ function locs_post(&$a) {
 				notice( t('Location not found.') . EOL);
 				return;
 			}
-			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d) where (hubloc_flags & %d) and hubloc_hash = '%s' ",
+			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d) where (hubloc_flags & %d)>0 and hubloc_hash = '%s' ",
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 				dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
 			);
-			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & %d) where hubloc_id = %d and hubloc_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & %d) where hubloc_id = %d and hubloc_hash = '%s'",
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_PRIMARY),
 				intval($hubloc_id),
 				dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ function locs_post(&$a) {
 				notice( t('Primary location cannot be removed.') . EOL);
 				return;
 			}
-			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & %d) where hubloc_id = %d and hubloc_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & %d) where hubloc_id = %d and hubloc_hash = '%s'",
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_DELETED),
 				intval($hubloc_id),
 				dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
diff --git a/mod/lostpass.php b/mod/lostpass.php
index dd7c7a7d5..3269128f1 100644
--- a/mod/lostpass.php
+++ b/mod/lostpass.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function lostpass_post(&$a) {
 
 	$hash = random_string();
 
-	$r = q("UPDATE account SET account_reset = '%s' WHERE account_id = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("UPDATE account SET account_reset = '%s' WHERE account_id = %d",
 		dbesc($hash),
 		intval($aid)
 	);
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ function lostpass_content(&$a) {
 		$salt = random_string(32);
 		$password_encoded = hash('whirlpool', $salt . $new_password);
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE account SET account_salt = '%s', account_password = '%s', account_reset = '' where account_id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE account SET account_salt = '%s', account_password = '%s', account_reset = '' where account_id = %d",
 			dbesc($salt),
 			dbesc($password_encoded),
 			intval($aid)
diff --git a/mod/mail.php b/mod/mail.php
index f4897149a..dacb181c5 100644
--- a/mod/mail.php
+++ b/mod/mail.php
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ function mail_content(&$a) {
 		if(! intval(argv(2)))
 			return;
 		$cmd = argv(1);
-		$r = q("update mail set mail_flags = mail_flags | %d where id = %d and channel_id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update mail set mail_flags = mail_flags | %d where id = %d and channel_id = %d",
 			intval(MAIL_RECALLED),
 			intval(argv(2)),
 			intval(local_user())
diff --git a/mod/manage.php b/mod/manage.php
index 1920967e6..00c6db7f0 100644
--- a/mod/manage.php
+++ b/mod/manage.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 			intval(get_account_id())
 		);
 		if($r) {
-			q("update account set account_default_channel = %d where account_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update account set account_default_channel = %d where account_id = %d",
 				intval($change_channel),
 				intval(get_account_id())
 			);
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 	$channels = null;
 
 	if(local_user()) {
-		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel.channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) order by channel_name ",
+		$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel.channel_hash = xchan.xchan_hash where channel.channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 order by channel_name ",
 			intval(get_account_id()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 
 
 				$c = q("SELECT id, item_restrict, item_flags FROM item
-					WHERE (item_restrict = %d) and ( item_flags & %d ) and uid = %d",
+					WHERE (item_restrict = %d) and ( item_flags & %d )>0 and uid = %d",
 					intval(ITEM_VISIBLE),
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval($channels[$x]['channel_id'])
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 				}
 
 
-				$intr = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) and not ((abook_flags & %d) or (xchan_flags & %d))",
+				$intr = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not ((abook_flags & %d)>0 or (xchan_flags & %d)>0)",
 					intval($channels[$x]['channel_id']),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING),
 					intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED),
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 					$channels[$x]['intros'] = intval($intr[0]['total']);
 
 
-				$mails = q("SELECT count(id) as total from mail WHERE channel_id = %d AND not (mail_flags & %d) and from_xchan != '%s' ",
+				$mails = q("SELECT count(id) as total from mail WHERE channel_id = %d AND not (mail_flags & %d)>0 and from_xchan != '%s' ",
 					intval($channels[$x]['channel_id']),
 					intval(MAIL_SEEN),		
 					dbesc($channels[$x]['channel_hash'])
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ function manage_content(&$a) {
 			}
 		}
 		
-	    $r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )",
+	    $r = q("select count(channel_id) as total from channel where channel_account_id = %d and not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0",
 			intval(get_account_id()),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
diff --git a/mod/network.php b/mod/network.php
index 0bad366d4..da020c389 100644
--- a/mod/network.php
+++ b/mod/network.php
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 	
 	$sql_options  = (($star) 
-		? " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_STARRED) . ")" 
+		? " and (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_STARRED) . ")>0" 
 		: '');
 
 	$sql_nets = '';
 
-	$sql_extra = " AND `item`.`parent` IN ( SELECT `parent` FROM `item` WHERE (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_THREAD_TOP) . ") $sql_options ) ";
+	$sql_extra = " AND `item`.`parent` IN ( SELECT `parent` FROM `item` WHERE (item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_THREAD_TOP) . ")>0 $sql_options ) ";
 
 	if($group) {
 		$contact_str = '';
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 	elseif($cid) {
 
-        $r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & " . intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED) . ") limit 1",
+        $r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_id = %d and abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & " . intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED) . ")>0 limit 1",
 			intval($cid),
 			intval(local_user())
         );
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	}
 
 	if($conv) {
-		$sql_extra .= sprintf(" AND parent IN (SELECT distinct(parent) from item where ( author_xchan like '%s' or ( item_flags & %d ))) ",
+		$sql_extra .= sprintf(" AND parent IN (SELECT distinct(parent) from item where ( author_xchan like '%s' or ( item_flags & %d )>0)) ",
 			dbesc(protect_sprintf($channel['channel_hash'])),
 			intval(ITEM_MENTIONSME)
 		);
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	else {
 		$itemspage = get_pconfig(local_user(),'system','itemspage');
 		$a->set_pager_itemspage(((intval($itemspage)) ? $itemspage : 20));
-		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval($a->pager['start']), intval($a->pager['itemspage']));
+		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval($a->pager['itemspage']), intval($a->pager['start']));
 	}
 
 
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 		$uids = " and item.uid = " . local_user() . " ";
 	}
 
-	$simple_update = (($update) ? " and ( item.item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_UNSEEN) . " ) " : '');
+	$simple_update = (($update) ? " and ( item.item_flags & " . intval(ITEM_UNSEEN) . " )>0 " : '');
 
 	// This fixes a very subtle bug so I'd better explain it. You wake up in the morning or return after a day
 	// or three and look at your matrix page - after opening up your browser. The first page loads just as it 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	if($nouveau && $load) {
 		// "New Item View" - show all items unthreaded in reverse created date order
 
-		$items = q("SELECT `item`.*, `item`.`id` AS `item_id` FROM `item` 
+		$items = q("SELECT `item`.*, `item`.`id` AS `item_id`, received FROM `item` 
 			WHERE true $uids AND item_restrict = 0 
 			$simple_update
 			$sql_extra $sql_nets
@@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 			// Fetch a page full of parent items for this page
 
-			$r = q("SELECT distinct item.id AS item_id FROM item 
+			$r = q("SELECT distinct item.id AS item_id, $ordering FROM item 
 				left join abook on item.author_xchan = abook.abook_xchan
 				WHERE true $uids AND item.item_restrict = 0
 				AND item.parent = item.id
 				and ((abook.abook_flags & %d) = 0 or abook.abook_flags is null)
 				$sql_extra3 $sql_extra $sql_nets
-				ORDER BY item.$ordering DESC $pager_sql ",
+				ORDER BY $ordering DESC $pager_sql ",
 				intval(ABOOK_FLAG_BLOCKED)
 			);
 
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ function network_content(&$a, $update = 0, $load = false) {
 	}
 
 	if(($update_unseen) && (! $firehose))
-		$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = ( item_flags ^ %d)
-			WHERE (item_flags & %d) AND `uid` = %d $update_unseen ",
+		$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = ( item_flags & ~%d)
+			WHERE (item_flags & %d)>0 AND `uid` = %d $update_unseen ",
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(local_user())
diff --git a/mod/notifications.php b/mod/notifications.php
index 09f89e88a..5507ee7e2 100644
--- a/mod/notifications.php
+++ b/mod/notifications.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function notifications_post(&$a) {
 		$fid = $r[0]['fid'];
 
 		if($_POST['submit'] == t('Discard')) {
-			$r = q("DELETE FROM `intro` WHERE `id` = %d LIMIT 1", 
+			$r = q("DELETE FROM `intro` WHERE `id` = %d", 
 				intval($intro_id)
 			);	
 			if(! $fid) {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function notifications_post(&$a) {
 				// The check for blocked and pending is in case the friendship was already approved
 				// and we just want to get rid of the now pointless notification
 
-				$r = q("DELETE FROM `contact` WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d AND `self` = 0 AND `blocked` = 1 AND `pending` = 1 LIMIT 1", 
+				$r = q("DELETE FROM `contact` WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d AND `self` = 0 AND `blocked` = 1 AND `pending` = 1", 
 					intval($contact_id),
 					intval(local_user())
 				);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ function notifications_post(&$a) {
 			goaway($a->get_baseurl(true) . '/notifications/intros');
 		}
 		if($_POST['submit'] == t('Ignore')) {
-			$r = q("UPDATE `intro` SET `ignore` = 1 WHERE `id` = %d LIMIT 1",
+			$r = q("UPDATE `intro` SET `ignore` = 1 WHERE `id` = %d",
 				intval($intro_id));
 			goaway($a->get_baseurl(true) . '/notifications/intros');
 		}
diff --git a/mod/openid.php b/mod/openid.php
index ce7fe22ba..9752db440 100644
--- a/mod/openid.php
+++ b/mod/openid.php
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ function openid_content(&$a) {
 					$photos = import_profile_photo($pphoto,$url);
 					if($photos) {
 						$z = q("update xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s', xchan_photo_l = '%s', xchan_photo_m = '%s', 
-							xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+							xchan_photo_s = '%s', xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 							dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 							dbesc($photos[0]),
 							dbesc($photos[1]),
diff --git a/mod/p.php b/mod/p.php
index 227f9e24a..9d1c12dbc 100644
--- a/mod/p.php
+++ b/mod/p.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ function p_init(&$a) {
 
 	$mid = str_replace('.xml','',argv(1));
 
-	$r = q("select * from item where mid = '%s' and (item_flags & %d) and item_private = 0 limit 1",
+	$r = q("select * from item where mid = '%s' and (item_flags & %d)>0 and item_private = 0 limit 1",
 		dbesc($mid),
 		intval(ITEM_WALL)
 	);
diff --git a/mod/photo.php b/mod/photo.php
index 0329fe0a8..8cb82e8ff 100644
--- a/mod/photo.php
+++ b/mod/photo.php
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ function photo_init(&$a) {
 			intval($uid)
 		);
 		if(count($r)) {
-			$data = $r[0]['data'];
+			$data = dbunescbin($r[0]['data']);
 			$mimetype = $r[0]['type'];
 		}
 		if(! isset($data)) {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ function photo_init(&$a) {
 			);
 
 			if($r && $allowed) {
-				$data = $r[0]['data'];
+				$data = dbunescbin($r[0]['data']);
 				$mimetype = $r[0]['type'];
 			}
 			else {
diff --git a/mod/photos.php b/mod/photos.php
index d1f2b4993..297878b29 100644
--- a/mod/photos.php
+++ b/mod/photos.php
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 				intval($page_owner_uid)
 			);
 			if(count($r)) {
-				$ph = photo_factory($r[0]['data'], $r[0]['type']);
+				$ph = photo_factory(dbunescbin($r[0]['data']), $r[0]['type']);
 				if($ph->is_valid()) {
 					$rotate_deg = ( (intval($_POST['rotate']) == 1) ? 270 : 90 );
 					$ph->rotate($rotate_deg);
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 					$width  = $ph->getWidth();
 					$height = $ph->getHeight();
 
-					$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 0 limit 1",
-						dbesc($ph->imageString()),
+					$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 0",
+						dbescbin($ph->imageString()),
 						intval($height),
 						intval($width),
 						dbesc($resource_id),
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 						$width  = $ph->getWidth();
 						$height = $ph->getHeight();
 		
-						$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 1 limit 1",
-							dbesc($ph->imageString()),
+						$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 1",
+							dbescbin($ph->imageString()),
 							intval($height),
 							intval($width),
 							dbesc($resource_id),
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 						$width  = $ph->getWidth();
 						$height = $ph->getHeight();
 
-						$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 2 limit 1",
-							dbesc($ph->imageString()),
+						$x = q("update photo set data = '%s', height = %d, width = %d where `resource_id` = '%s' and uid = %d and scale = 2",
+							dbescbin($ph->imageString()),
 							intval($height),
 							intval($width),
 							dbesc($resource_id),
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 
 		// make sure the linked item has the same permissions as the photo regardless of any other changes
 		$x = q("update item set allow_cid = '%s', allow_gid = '%s', deny_cid = '%s', deny_gid = '%s', item_private = %d
-			where id = %d limit 1",
+			where id = %d",
 				dbesc($str_contact_allow),
 				dbesc($str_group_allow),
 				dbesc($str_contact_deny),
@@ -621,14 +621,20 @@ function photos_content(&$a) {
 		else
 			$order = 'DESC';
 
-		$r = q("SELECT `resource_id`, `id`, `filename`, type, max(`scale`) AS `scale`, `description` FROM `photo` WHERE `uid` = %d AND `album` = '%s' 
-			AND `scale` <= 4 and (photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) $sql_extra GROUP BY `resource_id` ORDER BY `created` $order LIMIT %d , %d",
+			
+		/*"SELECT $prefix `resource_id`, `id`, `filename`, type, max(`scale`) AS `scale`, `description` FROM `photo` WHERE `uid` = %d AND `album` = '%s' 
+			AND `scale` <= 4 and (photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) $sql_extra GROUP BY resource_id ORDER BY `created` $order LIMIT %d OFFSET %d"*/
+			
+		$r = q("SELECT p.resource_id, p.id, p.filename, p.type, p.scale, p.description, p.created FROM photo p INNER JOIN
+				(SELECT resource_id, max(scale) scale FROM photo WHERE uid = %d AND album = '%s' AND scale <= 4 AND (photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) $sql_extra GROUP BY resource_id) ph 
+				ON (p.resource_id = ph.resource_id AND p.scale = ph.scale)
+			ORDER BY created $order LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
 			intval($owner_uid),
 			dbesc($album),
 			intvaL(PHOTO_NORMAL),
 			intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
-			intval($a->pager['start']),
-			intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+			intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+			intval($a->pager['start'])
 		);
 		
 		//edit album name
@@ -899,7 +905,7 @@ function photos_content(&$a) {
 			}
 
 			if((local_user()) && (local_user() == $link_item['uid'])) {
-				q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = (item_flags ^ %d) WHERE parent = %d and uid = %d and (item_flags & %d)",
+				q("UPDATE `item` SET item_flags = (item_flags & ~%d) WHERE parent = %d and uid = %d and (item_flags & %d)>0",
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval($link_item['parent']),
 					intval(local_user()),
@@ -1156,18 +1162,19 @@ function photos_content(&$a) {
 		$a->set_pager_total(count($r));
 		$a->set_pager_itemspage(60);
 	}
-
-	$r = q("SELECT `resource_id`, `id`, `filename`, type, `album`, max(`scale`) AS `scale` FROM `photo`
-		WHERE `uid` = %d AND `album` != '%s' AND `album` != '%s'
-		and ( photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d )  
-		$sql_extra GROUP BY `resource_id` ORDER BY `created` DESC LIMIT %d , %d",
+	
+	$r = q("SELECT p.resource_id, p.id, p.filename, p.type, p.album, p.scale, p.created FROM photo p INNER JOIN 
+		(SELECT resource_id, max(scale) scale FROM photo 
+			WHERE uid=%d AND album != '%s' AND album != '%s' 
+			AND (photo_flags = %d or photo_flags = %d ) group by resource_id) ph 
+		ON (p.resource_id = ph.resource_id and p.scale = ph.scale) ORDER by p.created DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
 		intval($a->data['channel']['channel_id']),
 		dbesc('Contact Photos'),
 		dbesc( t('Contact Photos')),
 		intval(PHOTO_NORMAL),
 		intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
-		intval($a->pager['start']),
-		intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+		intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+		intval($a->pager['start'])
 	);
 
 
diff --git a/mod/ping.php b/mod/ping.php
index 49475de66..c5db6ba66 100644
--- a/mod/ping.php
+++ b/mod/ping.php
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 		$basic_presence = false;
 		if($r) {
 			$basic_presence = true;	
-			q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update chatpresence set cp_last = '%s' where cp_id = %d",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				intval($r[0]['cp_id'])
 			);
@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	 * and shouldn't count as online anymore. We allow an expection for bots.
 	 */
 
-	q("delete from chatpresence where cp_last < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 3 MINUTE and cp_client != 'auto' "); 
+	q("delete from chatpresence where cp_last < %s - INTERVAL %s and cp_client != 'auto' ",
+		db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('3 MINUTE')
+	); 
 
 	if((! local_user()) || ($result['invalid'])) {
 		echo json_encode($result);
@@ -130,14 +132,14 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	if(x($_REQUEST, 'markRead') && local_user()) {
 		switch($_REQUEST['markRead']) {
 			case 'network':
-				$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags ^ %d ) where (item_flags & %d) and uid = %d", 
+				$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags & ~%d ) where (item_flags & %d)>0 and uid = %d", 
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval(local_user())
 				);
 				break;
 			case 'home':
-				$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags ^ %d ) where (item_flags & %d) and (item_flags & %d) and uid = %d", 
+				$r = q("update item set item_flags = ( item_flags & ~%d ) where (item_flags & %d)>0 and (item_flags & %d) and uid = %d", 
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 					intval(ITEM_WALL),
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 				);
 				break;
 			case 'messages':
-				$r = q("update mail set mail_flags = ( mail_flags ^ %d ) where channel_id = %d and not (mail_flags & %d)",
+				$r = q("update mail set mail_flags = ( mail_flags | %d ) where channel_id = %d and not (mail_flags & %d)>0",
 					intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 					intval(local_user()),
 					intval(MAIL_SEEN)
@@ -179,17 +181,17 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 		);
 		if($t && intval($t[0]['total']) > 49) {
 			$z = q("select * from notify where uid = %d
-				and seen = 0 order by date desc limit 0, 50",
+				and seen = 0 order by date desc limit 50",
 				intval(local_user())
 			);
 		}
 		else {
 			$z1 = q("select * from notify where uid = %d
-				and seen = 0 order by date desc limit 0, 50",
+				and seen = 0 order by date desc limit 50",
 				intval(local_user())
 			);
 			$z2 = q("select * from notify where uid = %d
-				and seen = 1 order by date desc limit 0, %d",
+				and seen = 1 order by date desc limit %d",
 				intval(local_user()),
 				intval(50 - intval($t[0]['total']))
 			);
@@ -217,8 +219,8 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	if(argc() > 1 && argv(1) === 'messages') {
 		$channel = $a->get_channel();
 		$t = q("select mail.*, xchan.* from mail left join xchan on xchan_hash = from_xchan 
-			where channel_id = %d and not ( mail_flags & %d ) and not (mail_flags & %d ) 
-			and from_xchan != '%s' order by created desc limit 0,50",
+			where channel_id = %d and not ( mail_flags & %d )>0 and not (mail_flags & %d )>0 
+			and from_xchan != '%s' order by created desc limit 50",
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(MAIL_SEEN),
 			intval(MAIL_DELETED),
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 		$result = array();
 
 		$r = q("SELECT * FROM item
-			WHERE item_restrict = %d and ( item_flags & %d ) and uid = %d",
+			WHERE item_restrict = %d and ( item_flags & %d )>0 and uid = %d",
 			intval(ITEM_VISIBLE),
 			intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 			intval(local_user())
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	if(argc() > 1 && (argv(1) === 'intros')) {
 		$result = array();
 
-		$r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) and not ((abook_flags & %d) or (xchan_flags & %d))",
+		$r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not ((abook_flags & %d)>0 or (xchan_flags & %d)>0)",
 			intval(local_user()),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING),
 			intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED),
@@ -350,7 +352,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	$t1 = dba_timer();
 
 	$r = q("SELECT id, item_restrict, item_flags FROM item
-		WHERE (item_restrict = %d) and ( item_flags & %d ) and uid = %d",
+		WHERE (item_restrict = %d) and ( item_flags & %d )>0 and uid = %d",
 		intval(ITEM_VISIBLE),
 		intval(ITEM_UNSEEN),
 		intval(local_user())
@@ -370,7 +372,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 
 	$t2 = dba_timer();
 
-	$intr = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) and not ((abook_flags & %d) or (xchan_flags & %d))",
+	$intr = q("SELECT COUNT(abook.abook_id) AS total FROM abook left join xchan on abook.abook_xchan = xchan.xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0 and not ((abook_flags & %d)>0 or (xchan_flags & %d)>0)",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_PENDING),
 		intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF|ABOOK_FLAG_IGNORED),
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 	$channel = get_app()->get_channel();
 
 	$mails = q("SELECT count(id) as total from mail
-		WHERE channel_id = %d AND not (mail_flags & %d) and from_xchan != '%s' ",
+		WHERE channel_id = %d AND not (mail_flags & %d)>0 and from_xchan != '%s' ",
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval(MAIL_SEEN),		
 		dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@ function ping_init(&$a) {
 		$result['mail'] = intval($mails[0]['total']);
 		
 	if ($a->config['system']['register_policy'] == REGISTER_APPROVE && is_site_admin()) {
-		$regs = q("SELECT count(account_id) as total from account where (account_flags & %d)",
+		$regs = q("SELECT count(account_id) as total from account where (account_flags & %d)>0",
 			intval(ACCOUNT_PENDING)
 		);
 		if($regs)
diff --git a/mod/poco.php b/mod/poco.php
index c1696e4cd..fc01fc565 100644
--- a/mod/poco.php
+++ b/mod/poco.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function poco_init(&$a) {
 		$user = notags(trim(argv(1)));
 	}
 	if(! x($user)) {
-		$c = q("select * from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = 1");
+		$c = q("select * from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = '1'");
 		if(! $c) {
 			logger('mod_poco: system mode. No candidates.', LOGGER_DEBUG);
 			http_status_exit(404);
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ function poco_init(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	if($justme)
-		$sql_extra = " and ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . " ) ";
+		$sql_extra = " and ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . " )>0 ";
 	else
 		$sql_extra = " and abook_flags = 0 ";
 
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ function poco_init(&$a) {
 
 	if($system_mode) {
 		$r = q("SELECT count(*) as `total` from abook where ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . 
-			" ) and abook_channel in (select uid from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = 1) ");
+			" )>0 and abook_channel in (select uid from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = 1) ");
 	}
 	else {
 		$r = q("SELECT count(*) as `total` from abook where abook_channel = %d 
 			$sql_extra ",
 			intval($channel_id)
 		);
-		$c = q("select * from menu_item where ( mitem_flags & " . intval(MENU_ITEM_CHATROOM) . " ) and allow_cid = '' and allow_gid = '' and deny_cid = '' and deny_gid = '' and mitem_channel_id = %d",
+		$c = q("select * from menu_item where ( mitem_flags & " . intval(MENU_ITEM_CHATROOM) . " )>0 and allow_cid = '' and allow_gid = '' and deny_cid = '' and deny_gid = '' and mitem_channel_id = %d",
 			intval($channel_id)
 		);
 	}
@@ -93,17 +93,17 @@ function poco_init(&$a) {
 
 	if($system_mode) {
 		$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where ( abook_flags & " . ABOOK_FLAG_SELF . 
-			" ) and abook_channel in (select uid from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = 1) limit %d, %d ",
-			intval($startIndex),
-			intval($itemsPerPage)
+			" )>0 and abook_channel in (select uid from pconfig where cat = 'system' and k = 'suggestme' and v = 1) limit %d offset %d ",
+			intval($itemsPerPage),
+			intval($startIndex)
 		);
 	}
 	else {
 		$r = q("SELECT abook.*, xchan.* from abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d 
-			$sql_extra LIMIT %d, %d",
+			$sql_extra LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
 			intval($channel_id),
-			intval($startIndex),
-			intval($itemsPerPage)
+			intval($itemsPerPage),
+			intval($startIndex)
 		);
 	}
 
diff --git a/mod/post.php b/mod/post.php
index c21af83e4..47e460f1e 100644
--- a/mod/post.php
+++ b/mod/post.php
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ function post_init(&$a) {
 		// Any channel will do, providing it's currently active. We just need to have an 
 		// identity to attach to the packet we send back. So find one. 
 
-		$c = q("select * from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) limit 1",
+		$c = q("select * from channel where not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 limit 1",
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
 
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ function post_post(&$a) {
 					else
 						$ret['pickup'][] = array('notify' => json_decode($rr['outq_notify'],true),'message' => $x);
 
-					$x = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					$x = q("delete from outq where outq_hash = '%s'",
 						dbesc($rr['outq_hash'])
 					);
 				}
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ function post_post(&$a) {
 	// Update our DB to show when we last communicated successfully with this hub
 	// This will allow us to prune dead hubs from using up resources
 
-	$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_connected = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update hubloc set hubloc_connected = '%s' where hubloc_id = %d",
 		dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 		intval($hub['hubloc_id'])
 	);
@@ -667,17 +667,17 @@ function post_post(&$a) {
 	// a dead hub came back to life - reset any tombstones we might have
 
 	if($hub['hubloc_status'] & HUBLOC_OFFLINE) {
-		q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status ^ %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+		q("update hubloc set hubloc_status = (hubloc_status & ~%d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 			intval(HUBLOC_OFFLINE),
 			intval($hub['hubloc_id'])		
 		);
 		if($r[0]['hubloc_flags'] & HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK) {
-			q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags ^ %d) where hubloc_id = %d limit 1",
+			q("update hubloc set hubloc_flags = (hubloc_flags & ~%d) where hubloc_id = %d",
 				intval(HUBLOC_FLAGS_ORPHANCHECK),
 				intval($hub['hubloc_id'])
 			);
 		}
-		q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags ^ %d) where (xchan_flags & %d) and xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+		q("update xchan set xchan_flags = (xchan_flags & ~%d) where (xchan_flags & %d)>0 and xchan_hash = '%s'",
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 			intval(XCHAN_FLAGS_ORPHAN),
 			dbesc($hub['hubloc_hash'])
@@ -732,7 +732,9 @@ function post_post(&$a) {
 		$sender_hash = make_xchan_hash($arr['guid'],$arr['guid_sig']);
 
 		// garbage collect any old unused notifications
-		q("delete from verify where type = 'auth' and created < UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 10 MINUTE");
+		q("delete from verify where type = 'auth' and created < %s - INTERVAL %s",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('10 MINUTE')
+		);
 
 		$y = q("select xchan_pubkey from xchan where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
 			dbesc($sender_hash)
@@ -781,7 +783,7 @@ function post_post(&$a) {
 				$ret['message'] .= 'verification key not found' . EOL;
 				json_return_and_die($ret);
 			}
-			$r = q("delete from verify where id = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("delete from verify where id = %d",
 				intval($z[0]['id'])
 			);
 
diff --git a/mod/profile_photo.php b/mod/profile_photo.php
index aad9c9d16..24439d404 100644
--- a/mod/profile_photo.php
+++ b/mod/profile_photo.php
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ function profile_photo_post(&$a) {
 						dbesc($base_image['resource_id']),
 						intval(local_user())
 					);
-					$r = q("UPDATE photo SET photo_flags = ( photo_flags ^ %d ) WHERE ( photo_flags & %d ) 
+					$r = q("UPDATE photo SET photo_flags = ( photo_flags & ~%d ) WHERE ( photo_flags & %d )>0 
 						AND resource_id != '%s' AND `uid` = %d",
 						intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
 						intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ function profile_photo_post(&$a) {
 					);
 				}
 				else {
-					$r = q("update profile set photo = '%s', thumb = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d limit 1",
+					$r = q("update profile set photo = '%s', thumb = '%s' where id = %d and uid = %d",
 						dbesc($a->get_baseurl() . '/photo/' . $base_image['resource_id'] . '-4'),
 						dbesc($a->get_baseurl() . '/photo/' . $base_image['resource_id'] . '-5'),
 						intval($_REQUEST['profile']),
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ function profile_photo_post(&$a) {
 				$channel = $a->get_channel();
 
 				$r = q("UPDATE xchan set xchan_photo_mimetype = '%s', xchan_photo_date = '%s' 
-					where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+					where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 					dbesc($im->getType()),
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 					dbesc($channel['xchan_hash'])
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ function profile_photo_content(&$a) {
 			// unset any existing profile photos
 			$r = q("UPDATE photo SET profile = 0 WHERE profile = 1 AND uid = %d",
 				intval(local_user()));
-			$r = q("UPDATE photo SET photo_flags = (photo_flags ^ %d ) WHERE (photo_flags & %d ) AND uid = %d",
+			$r = q("UPDATE photo SET photo_flags = (photo_flags & ~%d ) WHERE (photo_flags & %d )>0 AND uid = %d",
 				intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
 				intval(PHOTO_PROFILE),
 				intval(local_user()));
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ function profile_photo_content(&$a) {
 				);
 
 			$r = q("UPDATE xchan set xchan_photo_date = '%s' 
-				where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+				where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc($channel['xchan_hash'])
 			);
diff --git a/mod/profiles.php b/mod/profiles.php
index 14f24c5cf..2c1ebd394 100644
--- a/mod/profiles.php
+++ b/mod/profiles.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function profiles_init(&$a) {
 			dbesc($profile_guid),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
-		$r = q("DELETE FROM `profile` WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("DELETE FROM `profile` WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d",
 			intval(argv(2)),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ function profiles_post(&$a) {
 						dbesc($zz['field_name'])
 					);
 					if($w) {
-						q("update profext set v = '%s' where id = %d limit 1",
+						q("update profext set v = '%s' where id = %d",
 							dbesc(escape_tags(trim($_POST[$zz['field_name']]))),
 							intval($w[0]['id'])
 						);
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ function profiles_post(&$a) {
 			`work` = '%s',
 			`education` = '%s',
 			`hide_friends` = %d
-			WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d LIMIT 1",
+			WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d",
 			dbesc($profile_name),
 			dbesc($name),
 			dbesc($pdesc),
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ function profiles_post(&$a) {
 		$channel = $a->get_channel();
 
 		if($namechanged && $is_default) {
-			$r = q("UPDATE xchan SET xchan_name = '%s', xchan_name_date = '%s' WHERE xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+			$r = q("UPDATE xchan SET xchan_name = '%s', xchan_name_date = '%s' WHERE xchan_hash = '%s'",
 				dbesc($name),
 				dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 				dbesc($channel['xchan_hash'])
diff --git a/mod/profperm.php b/mod/profperm.php
index 197062936..55dc8cc77 100644
--- a/mod/profperm.php
+++ b/mod/profperm.php
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ function profperm_content(&$a) {
 
 		if($change) {
 			if(in_array($change,$ingroup)) {
-				q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '' WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d LIMIT 1",
+				q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '' WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d",
 					intval($change),
 					intval(local_user())
 				);
 			}
 			else {
-				q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '%s' WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d LIMIT 1",
+				q("UPDATE abook SET abook_profile = '%s' WHERE abook_id = %d AND abook_channel = %d",
 					dbesc($profile['profile_guid']),
 					intval($change),
 					intval(local_user())
diff --git a/mod/receive.php b/mod/receive.php
index 4071b169b..b7d27d40f 100644
--- a/mod/receive.php
+++ b/mod/receive.php
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function receive_post(&$a) {
 
 		// Diaspora sites *may* provide a truncated guid. 
 
-		$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_guid like '%s' AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d ) LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("SELECT * FROM channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash WHERE channel_guid like '%s' AND NOT (channel_pageflags & %d )>0 LIMIT 1",
 			dbesc($guid . '%'),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
diff --git a/mod/register.php b/mod/register.php
index 0cf1364b5..70bdcf350 100644
--- a/mod/register.php
+++ b/mod/register.php
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ function register_post(&$a) {
 
 	$max_dailies = intval(get_config('system','max_daily_registrations'));
 	if($max_dailies) {
-		$r = q("select count(account_id) as total from account where account_created > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 1 day");
+		$r = q("select count(account_id) as total from account where account_created > %s - INTERVAL %s",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 day')
+		);
 		if($r && $r[0]['total'] >= $max_dailies) {
 			notice( t('Maximum daily site registrations exceeded. Please try again tomorrow.') . EOL);
 			return;
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ function register_post(&$a) {
 	$invite_code   = ((x($_POST,'invite_code'))  ? notags(trim($_POST['invite_code']))  : '');
 
 	if($using_invites && $invite_code) {
-		q("delete * from register where hash = '%s' limit 1", dbesc($invite_code));
+		q("delete * from register where hash = '%s'", dbesc($invite_code));
 		set_pconfig($result['account']['account_id'],'system','invites_remaining',$num_invites);
 	}
 
@@ -164,7 +166,9 @@ function register_content(&$a) {
 
 	$max_dailies = intval(get_config('system','max_daily_registrations'));
 	if($max_dailies) {
-		$r = q("select count(account_id) as total from account where account_created > UTC_TIMESTAMP() - INTERVAL 1 day");
+		$r = q("select count(account_id) as total from account where account_created > %s - INTERVAL %s",
+			db_utcnow(), db_quoteinterval('1 day')
+		);
 		if($r && $r[0]['total'] >= $max_dailies) {
 			logger('max daily registrations exceeded.');
 			notice( t('This site has exceeded the number of allowed daily account registrations. Please try again tomorrow.') . EOL);
diff --git a/mod/search.php b/mod/search.php
index 15ac71376..612ceb4bc 100644
--- a/mod/search.php
+++ b/mod/search.php
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ function search_content(&$a,$update = 0, $load = false) {
 		);
 	}
 	else {
-		$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND `item`.`body` REGEXP '%s' ", dbesc(protect_sprintf(preg_quote($search))));
+		$regstr = db_getfunc('REGEXP');
+		$sql_extra = sprintf(" AND `item`.`body` $regstr '%s' ", dbesc(protect_sprintf(preg_quote($search))));
 	}
 
 	// Here is the way permissions work in the search module...
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ function search_content(&$a,$update = 0, $load = false) {
 	if(($update) && ($load)) {
 		$itemspage = get_pconfig(local_user(),'system','itemspage');
 		$a->set_pager_itemspage(((intval($itemspage)) ? $itemspage : 20));
-		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d, %d ",intval($a->pager['start']), intval($a->pager['itemspage']));
+		$pager_sql = sprintf(" LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ", intval($a->pager['itemspage']), intval($a->pager['start']));
 
 		// in case somebody turned off public access to sys channel content with permissions
 
@@ -132,29 +133,36 @@ function search_content(&$a,$update = 0, $load = false) {
 
 		if($load) {
 			$r = null;
-
+			
+			if(ACTIVE_DBTYPE == DBTYPE_POSTGRES) {
+				$prefix = 'distinct on (created, mid)';
+				$suffix = 'ORDER BY created DESC, mid';
+			} else {
+				$prefix = 'distinct';
+				$suffix = 'group by mid ORDER BY created DESC';
+			}
 			if(local_user()) {
-				$r = q("SELECT distinct mid, item.id as item_id, item.* from item
+				$r = q("SELECT $prefix mid, item.id as item_id, item.* from item
 					WHERE item_restrict = 0
 					AND ((( `item`.`allow_cid` = ''  AND `item`.`allow_gid` = '' AND `item`.`deny_cid`  = '' AND `item`.`deny_gid`  = '' AND item_private = 0 ) 
 					OR ( `item`.`uid` = %d )) OR item.owner_xchan = '%s' )
 					$sql_extra
-					group by mid ORDER BY created DESC $pager_sql ",
+					$suffix $pager_sql ",
 					intval(local_user()),
 					dbesc($sys['xchan_hash'])
 				);
 			}
 			if($r === null) {
-               $r = q("SELECT distinct mid, item.id as item_id, item.* from item
-                    WHERE item_restrict = 0
-                    AND (((( `item`.`allow_cid` = ''  AND `item`.`allow_gid` = '' AND `item`.`deny_cid`  = ''
-                    AND `item`.`deny_gid`  = '' AND item_private = 0 )
-                    and owner_xchan in ( " . stream_perms_xchans(($observer) ? (PERMS_NETWORK|PERMS_PUBLIC) : PERMS_PUBLIC) . " ))
-					$pub_sql ) OR owner_xchan = '%s')
-                    $sql_extra 
-                    group by mid ORDER BY created DESC $pager_sql",
+				$r = q("SELECT $prefix mid, item.id as item_id, item.* from item
+					WHERE item_restrict = 0
+					AND (((( `item`.`allow_cid` = ''  AND `item`.`allow_gid` = '' AND `item`.`deny_cid`  = ''
+					AND `item`.`deny_gid`  = '' AND item_private = 0 )
+					and owner_xchan in ( " . stream_perms_xchans(($observer) ? (PERMS_NETWORK|PERMS_PUBLIC) : PERMS_PUBLIC) . " ))
+						$pub_sql ) OR owner_xchan = '%s')
+					$sql_extra 
+					$suffix $pager_sql",
 					dbesc($sys['xchan_hash'])
-                );
+				);
 			}
 		}
 		else {
diff --git a/mod/settings.php b/mod/settings.php
index 58257368e..08fad5471 100644
--- a/mod/settings.php
+++ b/mod/settings.php
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$r = q("UPDATE channel SET channel_theme = '%s' WHERE channel_id = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE channel SET channel_theme = '%s' WHERE channel_id = %d",
 				dbesc($theme),
 				intval(local_user())
 		);
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 				$salt = random_string(32);
 				$password_encoded = hash('whirlpool', $salt . $newpass);
 				$r = q("update account set account_salt = '%s', account_password = '%s', account_password_changed = '%s' 
-					where account_id = %d limit 1",
+					where account_id = %d",
 					dbesc($salt),
 					dbesc($password_encoded),
 					dbesc(datetime_convert()),
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 				$email = $a->user['email'];
 			}
 			if(! $errs) {
-				$r = q("update account set account_email = '%s' where account_id = %d limit 1",
+				$r = q("update account set account_email = '%s' where account_id = %d",
 					dbesc($email),
 					intval($account['account_id'])
 				);
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 			$hide_presence    = (((x($_POST,'hide_presence')) && (intval($_POST['hide_presence']) == 1)) ? 1: 0);
 			$publish          = (((x($_POST,'profile_in_directory')) && (intval($_POST['profile_in_directory']) == 1)) ? 1: 0);
 			$def_group        = ((x($_POST,'group-selection')) ? notags(trim($_POST['group-selection'])) : '');
-			$r = q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+			$r = q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s' where channel_id = %d",
 				dbesc($def_group),
 				intval(local_user())
 			);	
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 			$str_group_deny    = perms2str($_POST['group_deny']);
 			$str_contact_deny  = perms2str($_POST['contact_deny']);
 			$r = q("update channel set channel_allow_cid = '%s', channel_allow_gid = '%s', channel_deny_cid = '%s', channel_deny_gid = '%s'
-				where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+				where channel_id = %d",
 				dbesc($str_contact_allow),
 				dbesc($str_group_allow),
 				dbesc($str_contact_deny),
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 					);
 				}
 				if($r) {
-					q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s', channel_allow_gid = '%s', channel_allow_cid = '', channel_deny_gid = '', channel_deny_cid = '' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+					q("update channel set channel_default_group = '%s', channel_allow_gid = '%s', channel_allow_cid = '', channel_deny_gid = '', channel_deny_cid = '' where channel_id = %d",
 						dbesc($r[0]['hash']),
 						dbesc('<' . $r[0]['hash'] . '>'),
 						intval(local_user())
@@ -327,12 +327,12 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 			// no default collection
 			else {
 				q("update channel set channel_default_group = '', channel_allow_gid = '', channel_allow_cid = '', channel_deny_gid = '', 
-					channel_deny_cid = '' where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+					channel_deny_cid = '' where channel_id = %d",
 						intval(local_user())
 				);
 			}
 
-			$r = q("update abook set abook_my_perms  = %d where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d) limit 1",
+			$r = q("update abook set abook_my_perms  = %d where abook_channel = %d and (abook_flags & %d)>0",
 				intval(($role_permissions['perms_auto']) ? intval($role_permissions['perms_accept']) : 0),
 				intval(local_user()),
 				intval(ABOOK_FLAG_SELF)
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 	set_pconfig(local_user(),'system','blocktags',$blocktags);
 	set_pconfig(local_user(),'system','channel_menu',$channel_menu);
 
-	$r = q("update channel set channel_name = '%s', channel_pageflags = %d, channel_timezone = '%s', channel_location = '%s', channel_notifyflags = %d, channel_max_anon_mail = %d, channel_max_friend_req = %d, channel_expire_days = %d $set_perms where channel_id = %d limit 1",
+	$r = q("update channel set channel_name = '%s', channel_pageflags = %d, channel_timezone = '%s', channel_location = '%s', channel_notifyflags = %d, channel_max_anon_mail = %d, channel_max_friend_req = %d, channel_expire_days = %d $set_perms where channel_id = %d",
 		dbesc($username),
 		intval($pageflags),
 		dbesc($timezone),
@@ -448,14 +448,14 @@ function settings_post(&$a) {
 		info( t('Settings updated.') . EOL);
 
 	if(! is_null($publish)) {
-		$r = q("UPDATE profile SET publish = %d WHERE is_default = 1 AND uid = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE profile SET publish = %d WHERE is_default = 1 AND uid = %d",
 			intval($publish),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
 	}
 
 	if($name_change) {
-		$r = q("update xchan set xchan_name = '%s', xchan_name_date = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s' limit 1",
+		$r = q("update xchan set xchan_name = '%s', xchan_name_date = '%s' where xchan_hash = '%s'",
 			dbesc($username),
 			dbesc(datetime_convert()),
 			dbesc($channel['channel_hash'])
diff --git a/mod/setup.php b/mod/setup.php
index a8f3a1f47..044def15a 100755
--- a/mod/setup.php
+++ b/mod/setup.php
@@ -50,16 +50,18 @@ function setup_post(&$a) {
 			$dbuser = trim($_POST['dbuser']);
 			$dbpass = trim($_POST['dbpass']);
 			$dbdata = trim($_POST['dbdata']);
+			$dbtype = intval(trim($_POST['dbtype']));
 			$phpath = trim($_POST['phpath']);
 			$adminmail = trim($_POST['adminmail']);
 			$siteurl = trim($_POST['siteurl']);
 
 			require_once('include/dba/dba_driver.php');
 			unset($db);
-			$db = dba_factory($dbhost, $dbport, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbdata, true);
+			$db = dba_factory($dbhost, $dbport, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbdata, $dbtype, true);
 			if(! $db->connected) {
 				echo "Database Connect failed: " . $db->error;
 				killme();
+				$a->data['db_conn_failed']=true;
 			}
 			/*if(get_db_errno()) {
 				unset($db);
@@ -80,9 +82,9 @@ function setup_post(&$a) {
 					return;
 				}
 			}*/
-			if(get_db_errno()) {
-				$a->data['db_conn_failed']=true;
-			}
+			//if(get_db_errno()) {
+				
+			//}
 
 			return; 
 			break;
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ function setup_post(&$a) {
 			$dbuser = notags(trim($_POST['dbuser']));
 			$dbpass = notags(trim($_POST['dbpass']));
 			$dbdata = notags(trim($_POST['dbdata']));
+			$dbtype = intval(notags(trim($_POST['dbtype'])));
 			$phpath = notags(trim($_POST['phpath']));
 			$timezone = notags(trim($_POST['timezone']));
 			$adminmail = notags(trim($_POST['adminmail']));
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ function setup_post(&$a) {
 			}
 
 			// connect to db
-			$db = dba_factory($dbhost, $dbport, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbdata, true);
+			$db = dba_factory($dbhost, $dbport, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbdata, $dbtype, true);
 
 			if(! $db->connected) {
 				echo 'CRITICAL: DB not connected.';
@@ -123,6 +126,7 @@ function setup_post(&$a) {
 				'$dbuser' => $dbuser,
 				'$dbpass' => $dbpass,
 				'$dbdata' => $dbdata,
+				'$dbtype' => $dbtype,
 				'$timezone' => $timezone,
 				'$siteurl' => $siteurl,
 				'$site_id' => random_string(),
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@ function setup_content(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	if(x($a->data,'db_failed')) {
-		$txt = t('You may need to import the file "install/database.sql" manually using phpmyadmin or mysql.') . EOL;
+		$txt = t('You may need to import the file "install/schema_xxx.sql" manually using a database client.') . EOL;
 		$txt .= t('Please see the file "install/INSTALL.txt".') . EOL ."<hr>" ;
 		$txt .= "<pre>".$a->data['db_failed'] . "</pre>". EOL ;
 		$db_return_text .= $txt;
@@ -273,6 +277,7 @@ function setup_content(&$a) {
 			$dbport = intval(notags(trim($_POST['dbport'])));
 			$dbpass = notags(trim($_POST['dbpass']));
 			$dbdata = notags(trim($_POST['dbdata']));
+			$dbtype = intval(notags(trim($_POST['dbtype'])));
 			$phpath = notags(trim($_POST['phpath']));
 			$adminmail = notags(trim($_POST['adminmail']));
 			$siteurl = notags(trim($_POST['siteurl']));
@@ -293,6 +298,7 @@ function setup_content(&$a) {
 				'$dbuser' => array('dbuser', t('Database Login Name'), $dbuser, ''),
 				'$dbpass' => array('dbpass', t('Database Login Password'), $dbpass, ''),
 				'$dbdata' => array('dbdata', t('Database Name'), $dbdata, ''),
+				'$dbtype' => array('dbtype', t('Database Type'), $dbtype, '', array( 0=>'MySQL', 1=>'PostgreSQL' )),
 
 				'$adminmail' => array('adminmail', t('Site administrator email address'), $adminmail, t('Your account email address must match this in order to use the web admin panel.')),
 				'$siteurl' => array('siteurl', t('Website URL'), z_root(), t('Please use SSL (https) URL if available.')),
@@ -316,6 +322,7 @@ function setup_content(&$a) {
 			$dbuser = notags(trim($_POST['dbuser']));
 			$dbpass = notags(trim($_POST['dbpass']));
 			$dbdata = notags(trim($_POST['dbdata']));
+			$dbtype = intval(notags(trim($_POST['dbtype'])));
 			$phpath = notags(trim($_POST['phpath']));
 			
 			$adminmail = notags(trim($_POST['adminmail']));
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ function setup_content(&$a) {
 				'$dbpass' => $dbpass,
 				'$dbdata' => $dbdata,
 				'$phpath' => $phpath,
+				'$dbtype' => $dbtype,
 				
 				'$adminmail' => array('adminmail', t('Site administrator email address'), $adminmail, t('Your account email address must match this in order to use the web admin panel.')),
 
@@ -440,7 +448,7 @@ function check_funcs(&$checks) {
 	check_add($ck_funcs, t('libCurl PHP module'), true, true, "");
 	check_add($ck_funcs, t('GD graphics PHP module'), true, true, "");
 	check_add($ck_funcs, t('OpenSSL PHP module'), true, true, "");
-	check_add($ck_funcs, t('mysqli PHP module'), true, true, "");
+	check_add($ck_funcs, t('mysqli or postgres PHP module'), true, true, "");
 	check_add($ck_funcs, t('mb_string PHP module'), true, true, "");
 	check_add($ck_funcs, t('mcrypt PHP module'), true, true, "");
 		
@@ -471,9 +479,9 @@ function check_funcs(&$checks) {
 		$ck_funcs[2]['status']= false;
 		$ck_funcs[2]['help']= t('Error: openssl PHP module required but not installed.');
 	}
-	if(! function_exists('mysqli_connect')){
+	if(! function_exists('mysqli_connect') && !function_exists('pg_connect')){ 
 		$ck_funcs[3]['status']= false;
-		$ck_funcs[3]['help']= t('Error: mysqli PHP module required but not installed.');
+		$ck_funcs[3]['help']= t('Error: mysqli or postgres PHP module required but neither are installed.');
 	}
 	if(! function_exists('mb_strlen')){
 		$ck_funcs[4]['status']= false;
@@ -579,7 +587,7 @@ function check_htaccess(&$checks) {
 
         if ((! $test['success']) || ($test['body'] != "ok")) {
             $status = false;
-            $help = t('Url rewrite in .htaccess is not working. Check your server configuration.');
+            $help = t('Url rewrite in .htaccess is not working. Check your server configuration.'.'Test: '.var_export($test,true));
         }
         check_add($checks, t('Url rewrite is working'), $status, true, $help); 
     } else {
@@ -607,8 +615,8 @@ function load_database_rem($v, $i){
 
 
 function load_database($db) {
-
-	$str = file_get_contents('install/database.sql');
+	file_put_contents('debug-foo.log', 'Loading schema: '.$db->get_install_script());
+	$str = file_get_contents($db->get_install_script());
 	$arr = explode(';',$str);
 	$errors = false;
 	foreach($arr as $a) {
diff --git a/mod/siteinfo.php b/mod/siteinfo.php
index a58f17c53..12598cc12 100644
--- a/mod/siteinfo.php
+++ b/mod/siteinfo.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ function siteinfo_init(&$a) {
 		
 		$sql_extra = '';
 
-		$r = q("select * from channel left join account on account_id = channel_account_id where ( account_roles & 4096 ) and account_default_channel = channel_id");
+		$r = q("select * from channel left join account on account_id = channel_account_id where ( account_roles & 4096 )>0 and account_default_channel = channel_id");
 
 
 		if($r) {
diff --git a/mod/sources.php b/mod/sources.php
index f4b36508f..73d78bbbf 100644
--- a/mod/sources.php
+++ b/mod/sources.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function sources_post(&$a) {
 		goaway(z_root() . '/sources');
 	}
 	else {
-		$r = q("update source set src_xchan = '%s', src_patt = '%s' where src_channel_id = %d and src_id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update source set src_xchan = '%s', src_patt = '%s' where src_channel_id = %d and src_id = %d",
 			dbesc($xchan),
 			dbesc($words),
 			intval(local_user()),
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ function sources_content(&$a) {
 			notice( t('Source not found.') . EOL);
 			return '';
 		}
-		$r = q("delete from source where src_id = %d and src_channel_id = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("delete from source where src_id = %d and src_channel_id = %d",
 			intval(argv(1)),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
diff --git a/mod/starred.php b/mod/starred.php
index ca7621b0f..05b45bea3 100644
--- a/mod/starred.php
+++ b/mod/starred.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function starred_init(&$a) {
 
 	$item_flags = ( $r[0]['item_flags'] ^ ITEM_STARRED );
 
-	$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = %d WHERE uid = %d and id = %d LIMIT 1",
+	$r = q("UPDATE item SET item_flags = %d WHERE uid = %d and id = %d",
 		intval($item_flags),
 		intval(local_user()),
 		intval($message_id)
diff --git a/mod/subthread.php b/mod/subthread.php
index 5ef0615b1..f0f54f4a6 100755
--- a/mod/subthread.php
+++ b/mod/subthread.php
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ EOT;
 	$post_id = $post['item_id'];
 
 	if(! $item['visible']) {
-		$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET `visible` = 1 WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d LIMIT 1",
+		$r = q("UPDATE `item` SET `visible` = 1 WHERE `id` = %d AND `uid` = %d",
 			intval($item['id']),
 			intval($owner_uid)
 		);
diff --git a/mod/thing.php b/mod/thing.php
index c12976f22..f53a6ab7b 100644
--- a/mod/thing.php
+++ b/mod/thing.php
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ function thing_init(&$a) {
 		else
 			$local_photo = $orig_record['imgurl'];
 
-		$r = q("update term  set term = '%s', url = '%s', imgurl = '%s' where term_hash = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$r = q("update term  set term = '%s', url = '%s', imgurl = '%s' where term_hash = '%s' and uid = %d",
 			dbesc($name),
 			dbesc(($url) ? $url : z_root() . '/thing/' . $term_hash),
 			dbesc($local_photo),
@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ function thing_content(&$a) {
 		}
 
 
-		$x = q("delete from obj where obj_obj = '%s' and obj_type = %d and obj_channel = %d limit 1",
+		$x = q("delete from obj where obj_obj = '%s' and obj_type = %d and obj_channel = %d",
 			dbesc($thing_hash),
 			intval(TERM_OBJ_THING),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
-		$x = q("delete from term where term_hash = '%s' and uid = %d limit 1",
+		$x = q("delete from term where term_hash = '%s' and uid = %d",
 			dbesc($thing_hash),
 			intval(local_user())
 		);
diff --git a/mod/viewconnections.php b/mod/viewconnections.php
index 40ce28efe..40d26c823 100644
--- a/mod/viewconnections.php
+++ b/mod/viewconnections.php
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ function viewconnections_content(&$a) {
 		$xchan_flags = $xchan_flags | XCHAN_FLAGS_HIDDEN;
 	}
 
-	$r = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d ) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) ",
+	$r = q("SELECT count(*) as total FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not (abook_flags & %d )>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 ",
 		intval($a->profile['uid']),
 		intval($abook_flags),
 		intval($xchan_flags)
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ function viewconnections_content(&$a) {
 		$a->set_pager_total($r[0]['total']);
 	}
 
-	$r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d ) and not ( xchan_flags & %d ) order by xchan_name LIMIT %d , %d ",
+	$r = q("SELECT * FROM abook left join xchan on abook_xchan = xchan_hash where abook_channel = %d and not ( abook_flags & %d )>0 and not ( xchan_flags & %d )>0 order by xchan_name LIMIT %d OFFSET %d ",
 		intval($a->profile['uid']),
 		intval($abook_flags),
 		intval($xchan_flags),
-		intval($a->pager['start']),
-		intval($a->pager['itemspage'])
+		intval($a->pager['itemspage']),
+		intval($a->pager['start'])
 	);
 
 	if(! $r) {
diff --git a/mod/zfinger.php b/mod/zfinger.php
index 666f141ec..7966caea8 100644
--- a/mod/zfinger.php
+++ b/mod/zfinger.php
@@ -74,12 +74,12 @@ function zfinger_init(&$a) {
 			 */
 
 			$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash
-				where ( channel_pageflags & %d ) order by channel_id limit 1",
+				where ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 order by channel_id limit 1",
 				intval(PAGE_SYSTEM)
 			);
 			if(! $r) {
 				$r = q("select channel.*, xchan.* from channel left join xchan on channel_hash = xchan_hash
-					where not ( channel_pageflags & %d ) order by channel_id limit 1",
+					where not ( channel_pageflags & %d )>0 order by channel_id limit 1",
 					intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 				);
 			}
diff --git a/mod/zotfeed.php b/mod/zotfeed.php
index c730e4162..9ad93c1d4 100644
--- a/mod/zotfeed.php
+++ b/mod/zotfeed.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function zotfeed_init(&$a) {
 
 	$channel_address = ((argc() > 1) ? argv(1) : '');
 	if($channel_address) {
-		$r = q("select channel_id, channel_name from channel where channel_address = '%s' and not (channel_pageflags & %d) limit 1",
+		$r = q("select channel_id, channel_name from channel where channel_address = '%s' and not (channel_pageflags & %d)>0 limit 1",
 			dbesc(argv(1)),
 			intval(PAGE_REMOVED)
 		);
diff --git a/vendor/bin/sabredav b/vendor/bin/sabredav
deleted file mode 120000
index 3b5e4511d..000000000
--- a/vendor/bin/sabredav
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../sabre/dav/bin/sabredav
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/vendor/bin/vobjectvalidate.php b/vendor/bin/vobjectvalidate.php
deleted file mode 120000
index 4121667bf..000000000
--- a/vendor/bin/vobjectvalidate.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../sabre/vobject/bin/vobjectvalidate.php
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/view/en/htconfig.tpl b/view/en/htconfig.tpl
index 550b018fe..d06e5da49 100644
--- a/view/en/htconfig.tpl
+++ b/view/en/htconfig.tpl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-// Set the following for your MySQL installation
+// Set the following for your database installation
 // Copy or rename this file to .htconfig.php
 
 $db_host = '{{$dbhost}}';
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ $db_port = '{{$dbport}}';
 $db_user = '{{$dbuser}}';
 $db_pass = '{{$dbpass}}';
 $db_data = '{{$dbdata}}';
+$db_type = '{{$dbtype}}'; // an integer. 0 or unset for mysql, 1 for postgres
 
 /*
  * Notice: Many of the following settings will be available in the admin panel 
diff --git a/view/tpl/install_db.tpl b/view/tpl/install_db.tpl
index 3968d2a54..1a58de129 100755
--- a/view/tpl/install_db.tpl
+++ b/view/tpl/install_db.tpl
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 {{include file="field_input.tpl" field=$dbuser}}
 {{include file="field_password.tpl" field=$dbpass}}
 {{include file="field_input.tpl" field=$dbdata}}
-
+{{include file="field_select.tpl" field=$dbtype}}
 
 <input id="install-submit" type="submit" name="submit" value="{{$submit}}" /> 
 
diff --git a/view/tpl/install_settings.tpl b/view/tpl/install_settings.tpl
index d6fc66c87..f4fd82fdb 100755
--- a/view/tpl/install_settings.tpl
+++ b/view/tpl/install_settings.tpl
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 <input type="hidden" name="dbuser" value="{{$dbuser}}" />
 <input type="hidden" name="dbpass" value="{{$dbpass}}" />
 <input type="hidden" name="dbdata" value="{{$dbdata}}" />
+<input type="hidden" name="dbtype" value="{{$dbtype}}" />
 <input type="hidden" name="pass" value="4" />
 
 {{include file="field_input.tpl" field=$adminmail}}